宁夏石嘴山采煤沉陷区治理及景观设计研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 17:43

本文选题：采煤沉陷区　切入点：地质灾害治理　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：煤炭资源的开发和利用,给矿区地方环境带来了一定的影响,因此党的“十七大”提出的“加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会”、建设“生态文明”和“和谐社会”等一系列战略部署,党的“十八大”提出生态文明建设,我国国民经济和社会发展“十二五”规划纲要和党中央国务院有关文件中提出的“加快推进土地复垦”的要求。采煤沉陷作为采煤产生的典型地质灾害类型之一,是重要的治理研究对象和研究课题。石嘴山市惠农采煤沉陷区是石嘴山市采煤一矿厂及采煤二矿厂几十年间煤炭开采形成的地表破坏区,共有7个大规模沉陷坑,总面积达9.1km2。最大沉陷深度为24.39m,一般深8~10m。沉陷区内土地形态、地表植被都遭受了严重的破坏,岩层不规则开裂,且深度较深;乱石遍布,垃圾成山;煤矸石自燃严重,矿井污水横流。部分区域还成为城市垃圾堆积场,污染环境。沉陷区及周边居住约近4万人,生活环境十分恶劣,给城市交通和居民生活等造成很大的不便。本文利用景观生态学、恢复生态学和地质环境治理等相关学科理论,通过对惠农区地理、地质、采矿、人文、历史、经济及沉陷区现状进行调查研究,统计和确定惠农采煤沉陷区被破坏土地应复垦的面积,并根据各区段的破坏时间、破坏性质、破坏程度及表土层发育情况,规划设计地质环境治理方案。在环境治理规划的基础上,提出沉陷区工程复垦、生态重建、景观设计方案和治理建设方案,并提出相关技术标准和技术参数。总体设计、分步实施,逐步完成惠农沉陷区的综合治理,为区域环境和社会做出有益的贡献。惠农采煤沉陷区在采煤沉陷地质灾害中具有典型性和代表性,属于城市近缘型沉陷区。通过对宁夏石嘴山惠农区采煤沉陷区的设计实践和建设经验,横向比较研究我国已建成的同类型采煤沉陷区治理项目,提出建立多学科综合参与治理平台,搭建我国北方地区城市近缘型采煤沉陷区的治理模式。并为其他采矿沉陷提供治理依据和范例。
[Abstract]:The development and utilization of coal resources have brought certain influence to the local environment of mining areas. Therefore, the Party's 17th National Congress put forward "speeding up the construction of resource-conserving type," A series of strategic plans such as building "ecological civilization" and "harmonious society" have been put forward by the 18th National Congress of the Party. The requirement of "speeding up land reclamation" put forward in the outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in China and the relevant documents of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. Coal mining subsidence is one of the typical types of geological disasters produced by coal mining. The Huinong coal mining subsidence area in Shizuishan City is a surface destruction area formed by coal mining in Shizuishan No. 1 Coal Mining Plant and No. 2 Coal Mining Plant in Shizuishan City. There are seven large-scale subsidence pits in Shizuishan City. The total area is up to 9.1 km2. The maximum subsidence depth is 24.39 m, with a general depth of 810 m. The land form in the subsidence area, the vegetation on the surface has suffered serious damage, the rock strata are irregular and cracked, and the depth is deep; the mudstone is scattered all over the area and the garbage is formed into a mountain; the coal gangue spontaneous combustion is serious. Some areas have also become urban garbage accumulation sites, polluting the environment. Nearly 40,000 people live in and around subsidence areas, and the living environment is very poor. This paper makes use of the theories of landscape ecology, restoration ecology and geological environment management to make use of the theory of geography, geology, mining, humanities, history and so on. To investigate and study the economy and the present situation of the subsidence area, to count and determine the area of the damaged land to be reclaimed in the Huanong coal mining subsidence area, and according to the damage time, nature, degree of destruction and the development of the topsoil layer of each section, On the basis of environmental control planning, the project of reclamation, ecological reconstruction, landscape design and construction of subsidence area are put forward, and the relevant technical standards and technical parameters are put forward. Step by step implementation, gradually complete the comprehensive management of Huanong subsidence area, and make beneficial contributions to the regional environment and society. The Huinong coal mining subsidence area is typical and representative in mining subsidence geological disasters. Through the design practice and construction experience of coal mining subsidence area in Shizuishan Huinong area of Ningxia, the project of the same type coal mining subsidence area that has been built in our country has been studied. This paper puts forward the establishment of multi-disciplinary comprehensive participation management platform to set up the control model of urban relative coal mining subsidence area in northern China, and provides the treatment basis and example for other mining subsidence.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.114

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