合欢枯萎病的防控技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 12:40

本文选题：合欢枯萎病　切入点：分离鉴定　出处：《中国林业科学研究院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：合欢是具有观赏价值的优良园林树种。合欢枯萎病是导致城市多年生合欢衰弱和死亡的主要因素之一,其具有发病率高、发病速度快、发病初期难发觉的特点。因此,目前尚缺乏有效的防治手段和亟待深入提高的综合防治技术。本论文结合所辖北京市海淀区园林绿化的具体情况,开展合欢枯萎病的相关调查、枯萎病病原菌的分离和鉴定、新型高效杀菌剂的筛选以及综合防控技术的优化研究。解决实际工作中普遍存在的合欢枯萎病防控问题,使合欢的生态效益、经济效益、社会效益及园林景观价值得以充分发挥。取得结果如下:(1)通过野外调查发现,合欢存活受到合欢枯萎病的威胁严重。通过采用PDA平板培养基分离、纯化病株致病菌,并利用显微镜形态观察,PCR快速鉴定技术确定了合欢枯萎病致病菌为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporun)。(2)室内测定了8种常见和新型杀菌剂对合欢枯萎病菌的毒力,优选出两种杀菌剂即50%多菌灵和70%福美双·甲基硫菌灵·硫磺可湿性粉剂(一帆甲托)。两种药剂在稀释倍数为250~1000时,对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制率都为100%,多菌灵直至稀释到6000倍时,才对病原菌的抑制作用开始减弱,一帆甲托在稀释2000倍后其抑菌作用明显减弱。两种药剂比较分析发现,多菌灵的抑菌效果明显优于一帆甲托。(3)野外试验表明,50%多菌灵和70%福美双·甲基硫菌灵·硫磺可湿性粉剂(一帆甲托)对合欢枯萎病有良好的预防和治疗作用。两种药剂在田间稀释300倍液明显优于600倍液的防治效果,而且预防性用药成活率明显优于治疗性用药防控效果。(4)优化和梳理综合防控技术要点:主要包涵“种、栽、水、肥、土、气、温、光、天、剪、病、虫、药、盐、人”等必要因素多管齐下,防微杜渐,并且,管理与技术并重,一是各级领导的高度重视综合防控是前提保障;二是植保相关人员是基础保障;三是强化园林绿化全过程及早预防是必要保证;四是提高综合防控技术的认识和精细化养护是关键环节;五是不断提升药剂等防控研究水平是根本保障。总之,管理提纲挈领,技术相辅相承,有的放矢,措施得当,才能提高其综合防控技术的主动性和实效性。
[Abstract]:Albopsis acacia is an excellent garden tree species with ornamental value. Leucaena wilt is one of the main factors leading to the decline and death of perennial acacia in the city. It has the characteristics of high incidence, rapid onset and difficult to detect in the early stage of the disease. At present, there is a lack of effective control means and comprehensive control technology, which needs to be improved in depth. According to the specific situation of garden greening in Haidian District of Beijing under its jurisdiction, the relevant investigation of Albizia wilt and the isolation and identification of pathogen of Fusarium wilt have been carried out in this paper. The screening of new and high efficient fungicides and the optimization of comprehensive control and prevention technology are studied to solve the common problem of preventing and controlling Albizia wilt in practical work so as to make the ecological benefit and economic benefit of Albizia acacia. The results are as follows: 1) through field investigation, it was found that the survival of albopsis was seriously threatened by Albizia wilt. The pathogenic bacteria were purified by using PDA plate medium. The virulence of 8 common and new fungicides to Fusarium oxysporundum was determined by using microscope morphological observation and PCR rapid identification technique to determine the virulence of Fusarium oxysporundum to Fusarium oxysporundum. Two kinds of fungicides, namely 50% carbendazim and 70% fumarate dimethylthiocyanate sulfur wettable powder were selected. When the dilution times were 250 ~ 1000, the inhibition rate of the two fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum was 100, and carbendazim was 6000 times diluted. The inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria began to weaken, and the bacteriostatic effect of the first armyback was obviously weakened after 2000 times dilution. The comparative analysis of the two kinds of agents showed that, The antimicrobial effect of carbendazim was obviously better than that of Yipanluo. 3) the field test showed that 50% carbendazim and 70% fumitazim sulfur wettable powder had good preventive and therapeutic effects on Albizia wilt. The control effect of the two insecticides in field dilution of 300 times solution was obviously better than that of 600 times solution. Moreover, the survival rate of prophylactic medication is obviously superior to that of therapeutic drug control effect.) optimizing and combing the main technical points of comprehensive prevention and control: "species, planting, water, fertilizer, soil, air, temperature, light, sky, scissors, disease, insect, medicine, salt," "people" and other necessary factors, such as multi-pronged, anti-microscopical and gradual, and, as well as management and technology, one is that leaders at all levels attach great importance to comprehensive prevention and control is the prerequisite, the second is the basic protection of plant protection personnel; Third, it is necessary to strengthen the whole process of landscaping to prevent early; fourth, to improve the understanding of comprehensive prevention and control technology and meticulous maintenance is the key link; fifthly, to continuously raise the level of prevention and control research, such as chemicals, is the fundamental guarantee. The initiative and effectiveness of the integrated prevention and control technology can be improved only when the technology is complementary, targeted and appropriate.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S436.8

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