山西北部现代花粉与气候、植被关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 02:08

本文选题：空气花粉　切入点：花粉通量　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：花粉现代过程研究是分析气候、植被变化,重建古气候、古植被的重要方式,空气花粉和表土花粉研究是其重要的组成部分。此次选择山西省北部的浑源地区为空气花粉的研究对象和管涔山地区为表土花粉的研究对象。在黄土高原东部边缘地区的浑源县,通过对比2007-2009年空气花粉数据,研究和揭示空气花粉组合特征、通量及与气候因子之间的关系。花粉组合特征显示浑源地区2007-2009年花粉组合基本一致,以草本植物花粉占绝对优势(80.9%),显示草原植被的特点。不同季节和年份花粉通量的对比显示,2007-2008年度春季木本植物和蒿属、藜科等花粉的通量高于2008-2009年度,而其他季节均明显低于2008-2009年度,尤以蒿属花粉最为明显;两年花粉通量的峰值,出现时间基本一致,但2008-2009年间秋冬季节草本花粉通量明显较上年高。花粉通量与常见气候因子RDA分析显示:该研究区主要花粉类型通量主要受平均风速、最大风速控制,其次为相对湿度、温度和降水,风向也有一定的影响。其中,木本植物花粉通量主要受平均风速影响;草本植物则受风向影响较大,北-西北风有利于草本植物,特别是蒿属、藜科、菊科、禾本科等花粉数量的增加。各季节花粉通量与气候因子的RDA分析显示,春季花粉通量受温度的影响最显著;夏季受最大风速风向及最大风速的影响最大;秋、冬季受风速影响最为显著。在我国森林草原过度带,花粉的定量重建工作很少做过,但这项研究对于解译交错群落的化石花粉组合的变化是十分重要的。在本文中,相对花粉生产力(RPP)和相关花粉源(RSAP)是使用LRA(景观重建算法)模型进行植被定量重建的两个重要参数,以此来估算山西北部的花粉产量,花粉样点采集和植被调查在18个地点随机进行。花粉分析结果表明,蒿属、菊科、禾本科、松属、云杉、栎属、桦木和沙棘占花粉组合的80%以上。ERV(扩展R值)分析发现,常见植物的相关花粉源约为600m,背景花粉值约为50%。松属和胡颓子属的相对花粉产量最高,是禾本科的10倍以上;云杉属和桦木属约为禾本科的5倍左右;蒿属的估计值(3-4倍)实际上比草原地带其它的报告的值要低;栎属(0.5倍)比我国东北部和欧洲的森林地带的值也要低。最后使用四个样本来测试用两种不同的方法,利用花粉组合来重建植被组成的实效性,即景观重建法(LRA)的有效性。结果表明,这两种方法可以给出合理的结果,但两种方法之间仍然存在一些差异。
[Abstract]:Pollen modern process research is an important way to analyze climate, change vegetation, reconstruct paleoclimate and paleovegetation. The research on air pollen and topsoil pollen is an important part of the study. This time, Hunyuan area in northern Shanxi province is chosen as the research object of air pollen and Guancenshan area as the research object of topsoil pollen. Hunyuan County in the margin area, By comparing the air pollen data from 2007 to 2009, the relationship between air pollen combination characteristics, fluxes and climatic factors was studied and revealed. The pollen combination characteristics showed that the pollen combinations in Hunyuan area were basically the same from 2007 to 2009. The pollen fluxes of different seasons and years showed that the pollen fluxes of woody plants and Artemisia in the spring of 2007-2008 were higher than those of 2008-2009. The other seasons were obviously lower than those in 2008-2009, especially the pollen of Artemisia, and the peak value of pollen flux in two years was basically the same. However, the pollen fluxes of herbaceous plants in the autumn and winter seasons of 2008-2009 were significantly higher than that of the previous year. The RDA analysis of pollen fluxes and common climatic factors showed that the main pollen type fluxes in the study area were mainly controlled by the mean wind speed, the maximum wind speed, and the relative humidity. The pollen flux of woody plants is mainly affected by the mean wind speed, while the herbs are affected by the wind direction, and the north-northwest wind is favorable to herbaceous plants, especially Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Compositae. The RDA analysis of pollen fluxes and climatic factors in different seasons showed that the pollen fluxes in spring were most affected by temperature, the maximum wind direction and wind direction in summer, autumn, autumn, and so on. In winter, wind speed is the most significant factor. In the transitional zone of forest steppe in China, the quantitative reconstruction of pollen has been seldom done, but this study is very important for interpreting the variation of fossil pollen combinations in interlocking communities. Relative pollen productivity (RPP) and relative pollen source (RSAP) are two important parameters for quantitative vegetation reconstruction using LRA-model to estimate pollen yield in northern Shanxi. Pollen sampling and vegetation survey were conducted randomly in 18 locations. Pollen analysis showed that Artemisia, Compositae, Gramineae, Pinus, Picea, Quercus, Birch and Hippophae rhamnoides accounted for more than 80% of the pollen combinations. The relative pollen yield of Pine and Elaeagnus is 10 times higher than that of Gramineae, and that of spruce and birch is about 5 times as much as that of Gramineae, the relative pollen source of common plants is about 600 m, the background pollen value is about 50 m, and the relative pollen yield of Pine and Elaeagnus is about 10 times higher than that of Gramineae. The estimated value of Artemisia is 3-4 times) actually lower than the other reported values in the grasslands; the Quercus is 0.5 times lower than the forest regions in northeastern China and Europe. Finally, four samples were used to test it using two different methods. The results show that the two methods can give reasonable results, but there are still some differences between the two methods.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948.1

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