可持续理念下低碳景观营造标准及策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 00:15

  本文选题：低碳景观　切入点：可持续景观　出处：《天津大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：大量的人类活动造成了温室气体大量排放,从而改变了全球气候和自然环境。在传统认知下,所有的景观设计对于环境和社会都有积极的效应,发挥碳氧平衡是城市景观的重要的环境功能,景观中的绿地通过光合作用,吸收空气中的CO_2,释放O_2,制造新鲜的空气。但是实际情况是如同其他人类活动一样,景观设计在其全生命周期中也会产生大量的CO_2。因此,论文以景观建设的可持续理念为基础,对低碳景观的营造体系及策略进行探讨,研究分为四个部分:首先,论文以建筑全生命周期的相关研究为切入点,在建筑的全生命周期中,根据全生命周期的相关概念,提出建筑在材料生产、建造、日常使用维护阶段和建筑废弃拆除阶段CO_2排放量的相关计算公式及影响因素。其次,研究以可持续景观为基础,提出低碳景观的相关概念,并且针对目前已经建立的以CO_2为评价指标的景观评价体系进行汇总,同时借鉴建筑全生命周期CO_2评估体系,提出景观全生命周期CO_2评估体系,包含碳源和碳汇两个部分。碳源主要包含景观材料生产、建造、日常使用维护和更新及拆除阶段的碳源,在分析碳源的基础上,根据不同的可持续景观评价体系在这些方面的评价内容,提出减少碳源的重点考虑原则和相关启示。碳汇主要包含景观绿色植物、利用废弃材料和再生能源利用的碳汇,碳汇体系中主要介绍了景观绿色植物的碳汇的计算软件和方法,同时对其他因素间接增加碳汇的实例进行了研究分析。同时,论文提出景观全生命周期中碳源和碳汇的比较方法,针对天津仕林苑居住区景观实例,进行实地考察,结合建造过程中的相关基础资料,对景观实例在其全生命周期中的碳源和碳汇进行分析。研究得出仕林苑居住区碳源和碳汇量在其40年时才可达到平衡的结果。针对此种情况,根据前文中提出的减少碳源和增加碳汇的相关策略,对改造情景下的碳源和碳汇进行分析,得到居住区全生命周期下的碳源和碳汇量在其生命年限的20年可达到平衡的结果。从而以实例说明通过有效的措施是可以减少景观中的碳源,提高景观中的碳汇量,使居住区景观达到更好的生态效益。最后,根据上述的研究成果,论文在可持续理念下低碳景观标准体系的基础上,进一步探讨低碳景观营造策略,将可持续理念下的低碳景观的策略体系从策略实施的主体和具体的营造策略两个方面进行具体分析,同时提出了低碳景观策略体系的控制性标准。
[Abstract]:A lot of human activity has caused a lot of greenhouse gas emissions, which has changed the global climate and the natural environment. In the traditional view, all landscape designs have positive effects on the environment and society. Exerting carbon and oxygen balance is an important environmental function of the urban landscape. The green space in the landscape absorbs CO2 in the air through photosynthesis, releases O\ -2, and makes fresh air. But in reality, as in other human activities, Landscape design also produces a lot of CO2s in its whole life cycle. Therefore, based on the sustainable concept of landscape construction, this paper discusses the construction system and strategy of low-carbon landscape. The research is divided into four parts: first, In the whole life cycle of architecture, according to the concept of the whole life cycle, the paper puts forward the construction in the production and construction of materials. The calculation formulas and influencing factors of CO_2 emissions in daily use maintenance stage and building waste demolition stage. Secondly, based on sustainable landscape, the related concept of low-carbon landscape is put forward. Based on the existing landscape evaluation system based on CO_2, and using the architecture life cycle CO_2 evaluation system for reference, a landscape life cycle CO_2 evaluation system is put forward. Carbon source includes two parts: carbon source and carbon sink. Carbon source mainly includes the carbon source of landscape material production, construction, daily use, maintenance and renewal, and demolition phase. Based on the analysis of carbon source, According to the evaluation contents of different sustainable landscape evaluation systems in these aspects, the paper puts forward the key consideration principle and relevant enlightenment of reducing carbon sources. Carbon sinks mainly include landscape green plants, carbon sinks using waste materials and renewable energy. This paper mainly introduces the calculation software and method of carbon sink of landscape green plants in carbon sequestration system. At the same time, the examples of other factors indirectly increasing carbon sink are studied and analyzed. This paper puts forward a comparative method of carbon source and carbon sink in the whole life cycle of landscape, and makes a field investigation on the landscape example of residential area in Tianjin Shilin Garden, combining with the relevant basic data in the construction process. This paper analyzes the carbon sources and carbon sinks of landscape examples in their whole life cycle. The results show that the carbon sources and carbon sinks in residential areas of Shilin Garden can only reach equilibrium in 40 years. In view of this situation, According to the related strategies of reducing carbon sources and increasing carbon sinks, the carbon sources and sinks under the transformation scenario are analyzed. The results show that the carbon source and carbon sink in the whole life cycle of residential area can be balanced in the 20 years of their life life. Thus, the effective measures can reduce the carbon source in the landscape and increase the carbon sink in the landscape, and the example shows that the carbon source in the landscape can be reduced and the carbon sink in the landscape can be increased through effective measures. Finally, according to the above research results, based on the sustainable concept of low-carbon landscape standard system, the paper further discusses the low carbon landscape construction strategy. The strategy system of low carbon landscape under the sustainable concept is analyzed from two aspects: the main body of the implementation of the strategy and the specific construction strategy, and the control standard of the low carbon landscape strategy system is put forward at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986
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本文编号：1660688