论杜威的自然主义经验论

发布时间：2018-04-06 02:37

本文选题：杜威　切入点：自然主义经验论　出处：《江西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：从古希腊哲学起人们就开始了对经验的反思,经验在那时还只是作为意见和艺术浮游于哲学体系的外围,时至近代,近代英国经验主义的理论为经验论的发展奠定了基石,不过近代英国经验主义对于在经验知识的实在性和客观性上的陈述,又阻碍了经验论的发展进程,发展至休谟的时候已经陷入了怀疑主义之中,就这样一步步的建立了传统的经验论。传统的经验论认为经验与自然是相对立的,经验被看做是一种知识的和纯粹心理的事件。传统经验论的这种观点割裂了经验与自然之间的联系,存在二元论的缺陷。杜威的自然主义经验论是在他对经验概念重建的基础上建立起来的,他认为经验的概念比人的认识活动要广泛的多,涵盖了所有的“历史”与“生活”,认为经验是有机体与环境的交互作用。本文从经验论的基本概念着手,分四个部分,进行了详细阐述。第一部分:引言,主要包括了国内外研究现状、研究意义、以及研究方法。第二部分:研究分析了杜威自然主义经验论产生的社会背景、理论背景,并且阐述了杜威对传统经验的批判及“经验”的重建。第三部分:详细阐述了杜威经验的内容以及自然与经验之间的关系。第四部分:在上述研究的基础之上,分析杜威自然主义经验论对分析哲学、新实用主义以及存在论现象学的影响。
[Abstract]:From the beginning of ancient Greek philosophy, people began to reflect on experience. At that time, experience was only floating in the periphery of the philosophical system as opinion and art. Up to modern times, the theory of modern English empiricism laid the foundation for the development of empiricism.However, the statement of modern English empiricism on the reality and objectivity of experiential knowledge hindered the development of empiricism, and by the time of Hume's development, it had fallen into scepticism.In this way, the traditional empirical theory is established step by step.Traditional empiricism holds that experience is opposite to nature, and experience is regarded as a matter of knowledge and pure psychology.This view of traditional empiricism separates the relationship between experience and nature and has the defect of dualism.Dewey's naturalistic empiricism was established on the basis of his reconstruction of the concept of experience. He thought that the concept of experience was much broader than human cognition and covered all "history" and "life".It is believed that experience is the interaction between organism and environment.This paper starts with the basic concept of empiricism, which is divided into four parts.The first part: introduction, mainly includes the domestic and foreign research present situation, the research significance, as well as the research method.The second part analyzes the social background and theoretical background of Dewey's naturalistic empiricism, and expounds Dewey's criticism of traditional experience and the reconstruction of "experience".The third part: the content of Dewey's experience and the relationship between nature and experience.The fourth part analyzes the influence of Dewey's naturalistic empiricism on analytical philosophy, neo-pragmatism and existential phenomenology.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B712.51

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