高速公路对水文生态的影响及应对策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 21:28

本文选题：高速公路　切入点：水文生态　出处：《长安大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：高速公路作为基础性和服务性的产业,它的建设一方面大大地推动了国民经济的迅速增长,另一方面以不同的形式对其路域的水文生态因子产生一定的负面影响。高速公路建设影响水文生态,水文生态变化又影响人类生存环境,高速公路建设的问题和水文生态问题密不可分。水文生态作为可持续发展理念的一个重要研究方向,成为环境领域的热点课题。因此,开展高速公路对水文生态的影响及应对策略研究具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。研究高速公路路域水文生态问题实现其以人为本和可持续发展是一项新的研究课题。本论文研究的水文生态因子包括地表水、地下水、土壤、动物和植被等,针对高速公路建设可能出现的水文生态问题,提出行之有效的应对策略。总体来说,论文主要取得了以下研究成果:1)系统地阐述了全国高速公路及其建设的基本情况,分析了国内外水文生态的研究进展及未来发展趋势,并指出存在的问题。提出将高速公路水文生态系统作为一个研究对象,分析和探讨其水文生态因子在对高速公路建设及运营时期可能出现的水文生态问题。2)对不同水文生态因子采取定性或定量的方法有针对性行进行分析和研究,其中定量研究主要有:高速公路隧道工程的涌水量及水质指标;茅台高速、仁遵高速以及仁赤高速的路面径流;西汉高速6处服务区的污水处理情况;国内14条高速公路沿线土壤中重金属污染情况以及动物致死效应等的研究。3)在深入研究隧道工程对地下水影响的基础上,通过分析衬砌厚度及其渗透系数对围岩渗流场的影响,建立了7个不同隧道渗流分析模型,从而得出衬砌渗透系数与涌水量的关系,提出采用衬砌自防水的隧道工程方案。4)通过比选四种不同水文计算方法,综合考虑地方经验、资料的可靠性以及调查洪痕分析等因素,确定采用贵州省交通雨洪法经验公式进行水文计算结果验证,对方案的可行性和准确性做进一步论证。5)针对高速公路对饮用水源保护区的影响,提出了采用沿路收集分段排至雨水处理系统的方案。其工艺流程为:进水→格栅→配水井→沉淀池(或应急池)→人工湿地→蒸发池。该研究成果已在仁赤高速正式投入使用。6)针对高毒烃类危化品的处置问题,本论文通过实验研究,以一种高毒芳烃类有机污染物为研究对象,提出混凝螯合共沉淀的降解方法。该方法工艺简单、成本低、效果好,在废水处理中具有广泛的应用前景。7)提出出水用于农业回灌或景观环境回用的理念,起到变废为宝的效果,一方面保证饮用水源保护区不受路面径流污染的威胁,填补了饮用水源保护区路面径流处理技术的空白,另一方面经集中排水处理系统处理后的路面径流水可用于农田回灌,实现了水资源的循环利用。8)对集中排水处理装置进水及出水各指标进行取样监测,其处理率在83.17%以上,出水可达到污水综合排放标准(GB3838-2002)的Ⅰ类标准。这一结果说明集中排水处理装置的处理效果是令人满意的,可为实现水资源的可持续利用以及人与自然的和谐相处提供决策支持。
[Abstract]:Highway is the basic and service industries, a construction of it greatly promoted the rapid growth of the national economy, on the other hand have certain negative effects in different forms of the road area hydrological factor. Influence of expressway construction on hydrological and ecological water, the ecological change and influence the human living environment, is inseparable from the highway the problem of the construction of hydrological and ecological problems. Ecological hydrology is an important research direction of the concept of sustainable development, has become a hot topic in the field of the environment. So it has important theoretical value and practical significance to research the influence of freeway on eco hydrological and coping strategies. The research on the ecological highway road area hydrology and realize the people-oriented and sustainable development is a new research topic. This thesis focuses on the research of hydrological and ecological factors including surface water, groundwater, soil, animal According to the hydrological and vegetation, the ecological problems of expressway construction possible, put forward effective coping strategies. Overall, the main results of this paper are as follows: 1) systematically expounds the basic situation of the national highway construction and the analysis of the progress and the future development trend of hydrological and ecological research at home and abroad, and points out the problems.. this paper proposes the hydrology ecosystem system as a research object, the analysis and discussion of the hydrological and ecological factors in the hydrological and ecological problems may arise in expressway construction and operation period.2) method to qualitative or quantitative on different hydrological and ecological factors analysis and research have been made on line, the quantitative study mainly include: water inflow and the water quality index of expressway tunnel engineering; Moutai high-speed, high-speed and high-speed Chi Ren Ren as the road runoff; 6 Xi'an-Hanzhong highway service area The situation of domestic sewage treatment;.3 highway 14 along the pollution of heavy metal in soil and animal lethal effects) in the study of tunnel engineering on the basis of the impact of groundwater, by analyzing the effect of lining thickness and permeability coefficient of rock seepage field, establishes a model for analyzing 7 different tunnel seepage, thus obtains the relationship between lining the permeability coefficient and water inflow, the lining from tunnel waterproof.4) through the comparison of four kinds of different calculation methods of hydrology, considering the local experience, the reliability of data and investigation factors of flood tracking analysis, determined by the Guizhou province traffic rain flood method empiricalformula hydrologic calculation results verify the feasibility and accuracy. For further argumentation.5) for the impact of Expressway on drinking water source protection areas, the row to the rainwater collected along the way section at Physical system. The process is: the inlet grille, and with wells, the sedimentation tank (or emergency pool), artificial wetland, evaporation ponds. The research results have been put into use in the kernel of high-speed red.6) for disposal of high toxic hydrocarbons of hazardous chemicals, the paper takes a highly toxic aromatic hydrocarbons as the research object, the degradation method of coagulation coprecipitation chelate. This method has the advantages of simple process, low cost, good effect, has wide application prospect of.7 in wastewater treatment of effluent for agricultural irrigation) or landscape reuse concept, to treasure the effect, on the one hand to ensure the drinking water source protection areas not affected by road runoff pollution, to fill the gaps in the drinking water source protection area road runoff treatment technology, on the other hand, by the concentration of wastewater treatment system after treatment can be used for farmland road runoff recharge, implementation The recycling of water resources.8) for sampling and monitoring of centralized sewage treatment device inlet and outlet of each index, the processing rate is above 83.17%, the effluent can meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB3838-2002) of the class I standard. These results show that the concentration of sewage treatment device where the effect is satisfactory and can provide the decision-making support for the sustainable utilization of water resources as well as the harmony between man and nature.

【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U412.366

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