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齿型堰与Z型堰水流特性实验研究

发布时间:2018-04-13 12:29

  本文选题:齿型堰 + Z型堰 ; 参考:《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文


【摘要】:齿型堰和Z型堰作为新型堰,不仅能够用来挡水、泄水,而且具有良好的景观效果,与城市景观相融合,兼具挡水/泄水与城市景观的功能。但目前对于齿型堰水流特性的研究较少,对Z型堰未见到研究成果,致使在实际工程设计中泄流量计算无依据。因此,本文通过理论分析、物理模型实验对齿型堰和Z型堰的水流特性进行了初步的研究。在理论分析方面,利用能量方程推导得到齿型堰的流量公式,基于量纲分析法推导了Z型堰的流量公式。在物理模型实验方面,对不同体型参数和水力参数下齿型堰和Z型堰的流态特征、过流能力等方面进行了实验研究。首先观测了齿型堰和Z型堰的水流流态,并绘制了过堰水流水面线和堰后流速分布图;然后根据实测资料,比较和分析了不同流量、不同体型参数的齿型堰和Z型堰的过流能力及其影响过流的主要影响因素,并拟合出齿型堰和Z型堰综合流量系数的计算公式。综合以上研究,主要研究成果包括:(1)在自由出流情况下,齿型堰流与薄壁堰流类似,水流稳定,下游河道水流分布均匀;Z型堰流要相对复杂,下游河道水流分布不均。(2)齿型堰的过流能力小于与其低堰高度相同的直线正交堰的过流能力,齿越宽、齿越高过流能力越小;Z型堰的过流能力大于与其相同堰高的直线正交堰的过流能力,展宽比越大,过流能力越大。(3)研究结果表明,影响齿型堰流量系数的主要因素是堰顶水头与堰高之比、堰齿宽度和堰齿高度;影响Z型堰流量系数的主要因素是堰顶水头与堰高之比、展宽比和前后堰宽度比。(4)在自由出流情况下,综合考虑各影响因素对流量系数的影响,利用统计分析的方法分别得到了齿型堰综合流量系数计算公式、Z型堰综合流量系数计算公式,可供工程设计中过堰流量的计算使用。
[Abstract]:As a new type Weir, toothed Weir and Z Weir not only can be used to keep water and drain water, but also have good landscape effect, which are integrated with urban landscape, and also have the functions of retaining / discharging water and urban landscape.However, there are few researches on the flow characteristics of the toothed Weir, and no research results have been found for the Z-type Weir, which leads to no basis for the calculation of discharge discharge in the actual engineering design.Therefore, through theoretical analysis and physical model experiments, the flow characteristics of toothed Weir and Z Weir are preliminarily studied.In terms of theoretical analysis, the formula of flow rate of toothed Weir is derived by energy equation, and the formula of flow rate of Z-type Weir is derived based on dimensional analysis.In the aspect of physical model experiment, the flow characteristics and overcurrent capacity of tooth Weir and Z Weir under different shape parameters and hydraulic parameters are studied experimentally.The flow patterns of tooth Weir and Z Weir are observed at first, and the surface line of income and the distribution of velocity behind Weir are plotted, and then, according to the measured data, the different flow rates are compared and analyzed.The overflow capacity of tooth Weir and Z-type Weir with different shape parameters and the main influencing factors on overflow are obtained, and the formulas for calculating the comprehensive flow coefficient of Tooth Weir and Z Weir are fitted.In the case of free outflow, the toothed Weir flow is similar to the thin-walled Weir flow, and the flow is stable, and the flow distribution of the downstream channel is relatively complex.The overflow capacity of the toothed Weir is smaller than that of the straight orthogonal Weir with the same height as its low Weir, and the tooth width is wider.The overcurrent capacity of Z type Weir is larger than that of straight orthogonal Weir with the same Weir height. The larger the broadening ratio is, the greater the overcurrent capacity is.) the results show that the overcurrent capacity of Z type Weir is larger than that of straight orthogonal Weir with the same Weir height.The main factors affecting the flow coefficient of the toothed Weir are the ratio of the head of the Weir top to the height of the Weir, the width of the Weir teeth and the height of the Weir teeth, and the ratio of the head of the Weir to the height of the Weir is the main factor affecting the discharge coefficient of the Z-type Weir.In the case of free discharge, the influence of various factors on the flow coefficient is considered synthetically.By using the method of statistical analysis, the formula for calculating the comprehensive flow coefficient of the toothed Weir is obtained respectively, which can be used in the calculation of the flow rate of the overflowing Weir in the engineering design.
【学位授予单位】:山东农业大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:TV131.6

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