库布齐沙地景观空间分布格局及湿地动态研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 07:38

本文选题：库布齐沙地 + 3S技术　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：库布齐沙地地处鄂尔多斯高原,毗邻黄河,具有独特的水热条件,且沙地中存在诸多河流亦是黄河重要的补给水源。本文基于3S技术和野外实地植被调查,对库布齐沙地1979年、1992年、2002年和2013年四期遥感影像进行人工目视解译,解译精度为90.38%,据此,通过空间分析,研究35年间库布齐沙地景观空间分布格局和沙地中湿地的动态变化,以期为库布齐沙地的治理提供理论依据和基础资料。研究结果表明:(1)1979年～2013年,库布齐沙地湿地面积减少1244.5km2,降幅为34.29%。固定沙地和裸沙地的面积减少量分别为304.95km2和1021.11km2,半固定沙地、人工植被和城建用地的面积增加量分别为901.89km2、1413.69km2和159.17km2。(2)35年间,湖泊和库塘减少的速度最快,动态度为-1.56%,城建用地增加的速度最快,动态度为72.92%。(3)从景观类型转化来看,湿草甸、沼泽、湖泊和库塘、河流、裸沙地是主要转出类型,固定沙地、半固定沙地、人工植被、城建用地是主要转入类型。(4)库布齐沙地中湿地主要为盐化草甸、湿草甸和河流,多分布在研究区北部,1979年湿地呈现大斑块分布;2013年,湿地面积减少,且呈小斑块离散分布,水体和湿草甸破碎化严重。(5)根据空间分析的结果可知,到2013年,库布齐沙地北部由外到内逐渐形成了湿草甸、固定沙地、人工植被、半固定沙地、裸沙地的分布现状。
[Abstract]:Kubuqi sandy land is located in the Ordos Plateau, adjacent to the Yellow River, with unique water and heat conditions, and there are many rivers in the sandy land are also an important source of water supply for the Yellow River.Based on the 3s technique and field vegetation survey, this paper makes artificial visual interpretation of four remote sensing images of Kubuqi sandy land in 1979, 1992, 2002 and 2013. The interpretation accuracy is 90.38. Based on this, the spatial analysis is carried out.The spatial distribution pattern of landscape and the dynamic changes of wetlands in the sandy land of Kubuqi during the past 35 years were studied in order to provide theoretical basis and basic data for the management of the sandy land in Kubuqi.The results show that from 1979 to 2013, the wetland area of Kubuqi sandy land decreased by 1244.5km2, the decrease was 34.29km2.The area reduction of fixed sandy land and bare sandy land were 304.95km2 and 1021.11km2, respectively. The increase of land area of artificial vegetation and urban construction land was 901.89km21413.69km2 and 1021.11km2, respectively. During the period of 159.17km2.(2)35, lakes and ponds decreased most rapidly.The dynamic degree is -1.56, the rate of increase of urban construction land is the fastest, and the dynamic degree is 72.92. According to the transformation of landscape types, wet meadow, swamps, lakes and reservoirs, rivers, bare sandy land are the main types of transfer, fixed sandy land, semi-fixed sandy land, artificial vegetation,The wetland in Kubuqi sandy land is mainly salinized meadow, wet meadow and river, mostly distributed in the northern part of the study area. In 1979, the wetland showed a large patch distribution; in 2013, the wetland area decreased, and the small patch dispersed distribution.According to the results of spatial analysis, by 2013, the distribution of wet meadow, fixed sandy land, artificial vegetation, semi-fixed sandy land and bare sandy land had gradually formed in the northern part of Kubuqi sandy land from outside to inside.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X37;P901

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