“城—郊”梯度上扬州城市植物空间变异特征的研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 17:53

本文选题：城市化 + 扬州　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化的发展,完整的城市生态环境逐渐被破坏。城市植物作为城市生态环境的重要组成部分,出现了如微生物减少、植物种类改变、植物多样性降低等问题。人类赖以生存的环境正在受到威胁,因此保护城市生态环境至关重要。本文沿扬州城市中心(文昌阁)向南延伸至郊区(杨子村便民服务中心)的连续梯度带上调研了4种绿地类型。研究其植物物种组成、生活型、地理区系及植物多样性的变化,以期探明城市化对城市植物分布的影响,为扬州城市植物景观建设及植物多样性保护提供理论依据。主要结果如下:(1)研究区域内,植物共有86科193属251种,其中乔木30科53属66种,灌木35科55属67种(含木质藤本),草本39科94属115种,竹子1科2属3种。最为常见的科为禾本科(Theaceae)、蔷薇科(Chenopodiaceae)、菊科(Caprifoliaceae)和木犀科(Moraceae);最为常见的属为女贞属(Ligustrum)、蓼属(Polygonum)、槭属(Acer)和圆柏属(Sabina)。植物属分布以北温带分布与泛热带分布类型为主,两者间有一定的过渡性。这与扬州属于亚热带季风性湿润气候向温带季风气候的过渡区相一致。(2)不同城市绿地类型的植物物种数,从大到小依次为公园绿地(68科141属174种)、居住区绿地(73科142属166种)、单位绿地(55科95属107种)和街道绿地(50科88属100种)。植物物种数量沿城区向郊区呈现下降趋势。对生活型而言,常绿乔木与落叶乔木物种数比值为0.5,从大到小依次为公园、单位、道路和居住区绿地,其比值分别为:0.75、0.69、0.6、0.4;常绿灌木与落叶灌木物种数比值为2,从大到小依次为单位、道路、公园和居住区绿地,其比值分别为:8.5、3、2.27、2.07;一年生草种与多年生草种物种数比值为0.95,从大到小依次为单位、公园、居住区绿和道路绿地,其比值分别为:0.94、0.79、0.69、0.66。(3)从城区到郊区,乔木与灌木的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数均值总体走势呈下降趋势。草本的Margalef丰富度指数均值总体走势呈上升趋势,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数均值总体走势呈先下降后上升趋势。对不同绿地类型而言,其植物多样性沿城区到郊区呈现不同的变化趋势,其中公园绿地受城市化的程度影响最大。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, the intact urban ecological environment is destroyed gradually.As an important part of urban ecological environment, urban plants have many problems, such as the decrease of microorganism, the change of plant species and the decrease of plant diversity.The environment on which human beings depend is being threatened, so it is very important to protect the urban ecological environment.In this paper, four types of green space were investigated along the continuous gradient belt of Yangzhou City Center (Wenchang Pavilion) extending south to the suburbs (Yangzi Village convenience Service Center).The changes of plant species composition, life form, geographical flora and plant diversity were studied in order to find out the effect of urbanization on urban plant distribution and provide theoretical basis for plant landscape construction and plant diversity protection in Yangzhou.The main results are as follows: 1) there are 251 species of 86 families 193 genera, including 30 families, 53 genera and 66 species of Arbor, 67 species of shrubs, 35 families, 55 genera and 67 species (including woody vine, 39 families, 94 genera, 115 species, 1 family, 2 genera and 3 species of bamboo).The most common families are Theaceaeae, Chenopodiaceaeae, Caprifoliaceaeae and Moraceaeae, while the most common genera are Ligustrumus, Polygonum Polygonum, Acer) and Sabinaeae.The north temperate distribution and pantropical distribution are dominant, and there is a certain transition between them.This is consistent with the transitional region of Yangzhou, which belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid climate to the temperate monsoon climate) the number of plant species of different urban greenbelt types.The order from big to small is 174 species belonging to 141 genera and 68 families of green land in parks, 166 species of green land of 73 families and 142 genera in residential areas, 107 species of 55 families, 95 genera and 107 species per unit of greenbelt) and 100 species of 100 species belonging to 88 genera and 50 families of street greenbelts.The number of plant species decreased along the urban area to the suburbs.For life form, the ratio of evergreen tree to deciduous tree species is 0.5, from big to small is park, unit, road and residential green space,The ratio of species to species of evergreen shrub and deciduous shrub is 2. The order from big to small is the unit, road, park and residential green space, and the ratio is 0. 75%, 0. 69% and 0. 6% respectively, and the ratio of species of evergreen shrub to deciduous shrub is 2.The ratio of annual grass species to perennial grass species is 0.95, which is in turn from large to small, the green of parks, residential areas and road greenbelts are respectively: 1. 0. 94% 0.94% 0. 79% 0. 69% 0. 66. 3) from urban to suburban areas, the ratio of annual grass species to perennial grass species is 0. 95%, and the ratio is 0. 95% to 0. 05%, respectively, and the ratio is 0. 95% to 0. 05%, respectively.The Margalef richness index Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef evenness index of Arbor and shrub showed a downward trend as a whole.The average value of Margalef richness index of herbaceous plants showed an upward trend, and Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef evenness index showed a trend of decrease first and then an upward trend.For different types of green space, their plant diversity varies from urban area to suburb, and park greenbelt is most affected by urbanization.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S731

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