围合式居住组团绿地植物配置模式对夏季小气候影响分析

发布时间：2018-04-18 18:12

本文选题：居住组团 + 组团绿地　；参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程加快和人们生活水平的提高,营造健康舒适的人居环境成为人们共同追求的目标,绿地作为城市居住区内重要的景观组成部分,也是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,对维持居住区内生态平衡和调节、改善小气候环境起着至关重要的作用。当前针对居住区内绿地对小气候的影响分析,大多集中在绿化数量和组成的研究,而针对植物配置模式对小气候影响考虑得较少。随着数值模拟技术的发展,Envi-met等城市小气候模拟软件得到越来越多的应用。在以热环境、风环境为主导的的小气候评价体系中,也逐步加入了室外人体热舒适性的分析。本文以沈阳市围合式居住组团绿地为例,借助城市小气候模拟软件Envi-met4.0,在保证组团绿地绿化覆盖率相等的前提下变化植物物种组成和布局方式,并据此设计不同绿地设计预案,进行环境模拟,从空气温度、相对湿度、风速和预计热舒适指数(PMV)四个方面对比分析不同植物配置模式对小气候环境的影响。研究结论如下:1.草坪+乔木的模式对降低空气温度、风速、PMV值和增加相对湿度的作用在影响范围和幅度两方面都要优于草坪和草坪+灌木的模式。随着乔木高度的增加,在夏季典型气象日对相对湿度增加的幅度和风速降低的幅度均减小,对空气温度和PMV值降低的幅度无明显影响;在夏季极端气象日对相对湿度增加的幅度、PMV值降低的幅度均增大,对风速降低的幅度均减小,对空气温度降低的幅度无明显影响。2.当乔木斑块居中布置时,对空气温度、风速降低范围和相对湿度增加范围的影响作用都要优于乔木斑块位于其它位置时;但是对PMV值降低范围的影响作用,则是乔木斑块位于围合位置时最大。同时相对良好的热舒适区所在位置与乔木斑块所处的位置有明显的相关性。当乔木斑块聚集布置于组团绿地的中心位置时,其对居住组团的空气温度、风速及PMV值降低范围和相对湿度增加范围的影响作用要优于乔木斑块分散布置时。同时居住组团绿地内相对良好的热舒适区所在的位置会随乔木斑块的聚集度减小而分散。乔木斑块的位置和聚集度对空气温度、风速、PMV值降低的幅度和相对湿度增加的幅度没有明显影响。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, creating a healthy and comfortable living environment has become the common goal of people. Green space is an important part of the landscape in urban residential areas.It is also an important part of urban ecosystem, which plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance and regulation in residential areas and improving microclimate environment.At present, most of the analysis on the effect of green space on microclimate in residential area is focused on the amount and composition of green, but the effect of plant allocation mode on microclimate is less considered.With the development of numerical simulation technology, urban microclimate simulation software, such as Envi-met, has been applied more and more.In the microclimate evaluation system, which is dominated by thermal environment and wind environment, the analysis of thermal comfort of outdoor human body is added step by step.In this paper, with the help of Envi-met4.0, an urban microclimate simulation software, the composition and layout of plant species are changed with the help of Envi-met4.0, which is an example of enclosed residential green space in Shenyang city. Based on this, different green space design plans are designed.The effects of different plant configuration models on microclimate were compared and analyzed from four aspects: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and predicted thermal comfort index (PMV).The conclusion of the study is as follows: 1.The effect of turfgrass tree model on reducing air temperature, wind speed and increasing relative humidity was better than that of lawn and turfgrass shrub.With the increase of tree height, the amplitude of the increase of relative humidity and the decrease of wind speed decreased in the typical weather days in summer, but the decrease of air temperature and PMV value was not obvious.In summer, the amplitude of increasing relative humidity and the decrease of PMV on the extreme weather day in summer are all increased, the amplitude of the decrease of wind speed are all decreased, and the decrease of air temperature has no obvious influence on the amplitude of air temperature.When Arbor patches are placed in the center, the effects on air temperature, wind speed decrease range and relative humidity increase range are better than that on Arbor patches located in other places, but the effect on the range of PMV decrease is better than that of Arbor patch.Arbor patches are the largest in the surrounding position.At the same time, the location of the relatively good thermal comfort zone is significantly correlated with the location of the Arbor patch.When the arbor patches are arranged in the center of the green space, the effects on the air temperature, wind speed, PMV decrease range and relative humidity increase range are better than those in the Arbor patch dispersion arrangement.At the same time, the location of the relatively good thermal comfort zone in the residential green space will be dispersed with the decrease of the aggregation degree of the tree patches.The location and aggregation of the patches had no significant effect on the air temperature, the decrease of wind velocity and PMV and the increase of relative humidity.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P461;TU985.125

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