基于多源测量数据融合的三维实景重建技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 02:17

本文选题：多源测量数据 + 多视匹配　；参考：《中国地质大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：运用倾斜摄影技术是当前无人机航测的常用有效方法。倾斜摄影技术可以实现多角度影像采集,保证高效率、增加精确度、准确地理定位,实现三维实景重建,已成为国内外无人机航测的主要技术途径,并逐渐应用于地球物理探测等领域。测绘技术是实现土地利用规划的基础和关键。土地整治规划目前主要采用全野外人工测量和传统二维图形设计,存在野外工作量大、成图效率低、运行成本高等缺点,无人机航测成为解决上述问题的有效途径,研发适用于无人机倾斜摄影测量的三维建模系统,将奠定无人机航测技术规模化商用的基础。本文围绕倾斜影像三维实景建模技术难题,对三维建模技术等关键问题进行了系统深入研究,主要包括倾斜式影像空中三角测量技术、多视立体精确三维建模技术、空地融合的二、三维一体化规划设计技术,研发了原型系统,开展了无人机航拍影像和车载影像及手持相机影像融合建模试验。主要工作包括以下几个方面:1、运用三维数据采集和数据处理法建立了二三维一体化规划模型,揭示了倾斜摄影序列影像多视、多角度、大倾角的特性。通过试验,分析了传统影像匹配方法无法解决立体影像匹配系统中的遮挡、几何变形、几何断裂、影像大幅度旋转等瓶颈问题对土地整治规划的影响。确定了适宜开展基于多源测量数据融合的三维实景重建技术的条件:(1)海量精确的大场景三维数据;(2)精确的纹理数据;(3)控制点数据。2、研究了测图级精度的三维建模技术方法。结合计算机视觉领域中最新的、半全局密集点云匹配算法,通过建立影像与模型的严格对应关系,以多视最小二乘矢量匹配支持下的子像素定位精度,形成由2D边缘特征,经过前交3D矢量投影到图像2D特征验证的交互式迭代采集模式,同步生成测图级精度的二、三维矢量成果。3、根据多源、可量测影像数据集,构建基于多视影像的渲染环境,提供用户全息浏览及三维实景支持下的交互建模体验,并利用多层次分级建模技术获取空间对象的精细三维模型:利用航空倾斜影像建立中级模型,采用移动采集影像进行建筑侧面及地面景观精细建模,根据倾斜摄影和移动测量组合数据源,克服空地影像在分辨率、摄影角度、影像辐射特性等方面的差异,构建基于多视影像的摄影测量环境,提供用户全息浏览及三维实景支持下的交互建模,获取空间对象的精细三维模型。4、通过三维场景立体、多角度、全方位的展示技术,将土地整治规划要素与遥感影像、DEM数据、三维实体及实景影像等多源地表数据基于统一空间尺度进行融合集成,研究集成化数据成果的二、三维一体化系统。5、根据理论及算法的研究成果实现可规模化试验的原型系统,结合更全面的数据资料,不断吸收国内外三维建模处理研究领域取得的最新成果,进一步完善理论模型。本文的创新点简单概括为以下三个:1、空地联合影像定向配准技术利用无人机低空倾斜影像数据和地面车载及背负式RTK相机移动采集的地表影像数据,进行联合定向配准,克服传统空中三角测量算法只能针对下视摄影的困难和倾斜影像存在影像断裂及遮挡等不连续问题,并利用图形处理单元(GPU)并行算法提高大规模数据求解方程组的效率。2、空地融合精细三维实景建模关键技术根据倾斜摄影和移动测量组合数据源,克服空地影像在分辨率、摄影角度、影像辐射特性等方面的差异,构建基于多视影像的摄影测量环境,提供三维实景环境中的交互式精细三维建模并提供全息浏览、查询。3、三维实景二三维一体化土地整治规划设计模式通过空地融合精细三维实景建模技术,构建适合全地形的空地一体化实景模型,提出了空间精确配准的三维实景土地整治规划设计模式,彻底改变传统模式中的人工测量和二维平面规划设计方式,提高测量和规划设计的效率,增强项目区规划设计效果的直观展示,强化三维模型在土地整治规划设计中的推广应用。
[Abstract]:The use of tilt photography technology is the current UAV. Some common methods for aerial tilt photography technology can realize multi angle image acquisition, to ensure high efficiency, increase precision, accurate positioning, to achieve a real three-dimensional reconstruction, has become the domestic and foreign non main technical aerial man-machine approach, and gradually applied in the field of geophysical surveying and mapping technology. Is the implementation of land use planning. The basis and key of land consolidation planning at present mainly in the whole field of artificial measurement and traditional two-dimensional graphic design, there are field workload, the mapping efficiency is low, high operation cost, the UAV aerial has become an effective way to solve the above problems, research for 3D modeling system based on tilt photogrammetry no, will lay the scale of aerial man-machine technology commercial foundation. This paper focuses on the modeling technology of 3D virtual image tilt problem, to build three-dimensional Make a systematic research on key issues die technology, including oblique aerial triangulation technique, multi view stereo 3D modeling technology, the technology of 3D space integration two, integrated planning and design, research and development of a prototype system, carry out the UAV aerial image and vehicle images and hand-held camera image fusion. The main modeling test the work includes the following aspects: 1, establish two dimensional integrated planning model using 3D data acquisition and data processing method, reveals the oblique photography image sequence multi view, multi angle, especially the great angle. Through the experiment, occlusion, the traditional image matching method can not solve the stereo image matching system geometric distortion analysis fracture geometry, image rotation and other bottlenecks of land consolidation planning. To determine the suitable to carry out the real three-dimensional multi-source data fusion based on weight measurement Construction conditions: (1) accurate 3D data massive scenes; (2) texture data accurately; (3) the control point data of.2, the research of 3D modeling technology mapping level accuracy. Combined with the latest in computer vision field, semi global dense point cloud matching algorithm, through strict correspondence relationship between image and model, the least squares support vector multi view matching sub-pixel positioning accuracy, formed by the 2D edge, through interactive iterative acquisition mode before 3D vector projection image 2D feature verification, synchronous generation mapping level accuracy two, three-dimensional vector results of.3, according to sources, can be measured the image data set, constructing the multi view image rendering based on the environment, to provide interactive modeling user browsing and real 3D holographic support experience, fine three dimensional model and using the multi-level hierarchical modeling technique to obtain spatial objects: using aerial tilt The image building intermediate model, the construction side and ground landscape fine modeling using mobile image acquisition, according to the tilt photography and mobile measurement data combination source, overcome the image in the space resolution, camera angles, difference image radiation characteristics and other aspects of the construction of photogrammetry environment based on multi view image, providing interactive browsing and real 3D holographic user modeling under the support of.4, obtain the fine 3D model of spatial objects, the 3D scene three-dimensional, multi angle, all-round display technology, land remediation planning elements and remote sensing image, DEM data, and multi-source three-dimensional real image surface spatial scale based on unified data integration, data integration on the two. Three dimensional integrated.5 system, according to the implementation of the prototype scale test results and algorithm theory, combined with the more comprehensive data, not The latest achievements made at home and abroad to absorb broken 3D modeling research, to further improve the theoretical model. The innovation of this paper summarized as the following three: 1, no surface image data of low altitude UAV and ground vehicle and tilt the image data with RTK camera mobile acquisition by joint space image registration technology combined directional, directional registration, to overcome the traditional triangulation algorithm only for visual photography difficulties and tilt image image of fracture and occlusion discontinuities, and the use of the graphics processing unit (GPU) parallel algorithm to improve the large-scale data.2 efficiency equations, space integration key technology of fine 3D modeling based on real tilt photography and mobile measurement data a combination of source, to overcome the image in the space resolution, camera angle, difference image radiation characteristics and other aspects of the construction of multi view image based on photography The measurement environment, providing interactive modeling of 3D fine 3D virtual environments and provide holographic browsing, query.3, 3D virtual two or three dimensional integrated land planning design mode through the fine 3D modeling of real space integration technology, construct space integrated real terrain model, puts forward the space accurate registration of three-dimensional real land planning design mode, completely change the traditional mode of manual measurement and two-dimensional layout planning and design, improve the efficiency of measurement and planning and design, project planning and design exhibition area enhance visual effect, strengthen the popularization and application of 3D model in land consolidation planning and design.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P231

【相似文献】