湖南仙庾岭风景名胜区植被景观研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 02:23

本文选题：仙庾岭 + 植物资源　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,风景名胜事业进入高速发展时期,然而不合理的开发加剧等导致生态资源遭到破坏,这是大多数风景名胜区所面临的共同问题。随着风景旅游形式的发展变化,城市近郊型风景区由于地理位置优越、交通便利等优势成为越来越多游客的选择,然而该类景区受城市建设和发展影响较大、存在一定农业生产活动等特点,也使得人类活动的干扰对生态资源的破坏更加频繁,植被往往存在生态系统退化、群落不稳定等问题,针对这些问题,本研究以湖南仙庾岭风景名胜区植被景观为研究对象,通过实地调查对景区植物资源进行统计与分析,利用样方法调查了36个代表性森林植物群落,并对其结构特征及多样性展开研究,运用美景度评价法对仙庾岭景区12个典型植物群落景观进行评价。综合前期研究的基础上,提出仙庾岭风景区植被恢复与重建对策以及典型景观的优化建议。主要研究结果如下：1.对风景名胜区现状植物资源进行全面调查和统计分析,共有149科352属491种,其中蕨类植物17科19属26种,裸子植物5科9属14种,被子植物127科324属451种；其中自然分布408种,栽培种83种。以挖掘利用乡土植物资源、发展地域性植物景观为目的,从自然分布种中剔除无特殊用途或仅为杂草的植物,筛选出观赏植物资源,共有119科270属367种；优势科是禾本科(Gramineae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、蝶形花科(Papilionoideae)、唇形科(Lamiaceae)、大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)、茜草科(Rubiaceae)、壳斗科(Fagaceae)、樟科(Lauraceae)、马鞭草科(Verbenaceae)等10科。重点属是山胡椒属(Lindera)、山矾属(Symplocos)、悬钩子属(Ranunculus)、栎属(Quercus)、蓼属(Polygonum)、胡枝子属(Lespedeza)、蒿属(Artemisia)等7属。2.利用样方法对景区主要植物群落进行调查,共选取了36块样地。从36组植物群落的群落结构(多度、频度、显著度)和群落多样性(丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数)进行了分析：①各样地物种多样性指数基本一致,都呈现出灌木层乔木层、灌木层草本层的趋势；②均匀度指数灌木层和草本层相对乔木层变化范围较小,草本层分布更加集中；③各指数影响其因素较多,植被类型、海拔高度、人为干扰程度、演替阶段、生境条件的差异都有一定影响。④要提高植物群落的多样性,应维持群落物种较高的丰富度和各个物种在系统中的均匀度,这样的群落具有较高的稳定性。3.根据群落调查记录情况以及各群落结构分析和多样性分析等,表明仙庾岭景区植被处于演替进展阶段,且具有明显的不稳定性。其中表现为：①以香樟为优势种的常绿阔叶林的不稳定性；②针叶林将逐步向下一阶段针阔混交林演替；③落叶阔叶树群落或将呈现出一定程度的衰退现象,并逐步向常绿、落叶阔叶混交林演替。4.对风景区12组植物群落进行美景度评价分析。通过对8个景观评价因子和各群落样本的标准化美景度值,建立多元线性回归模型：Y=-2.106+0.143X2+0.396X5+0.115X6-0.164X8(R2=0.929)。其中景观因子X2色彩丰富度,X5色彩明度,X6形态特征,X8郁闭度,对评判者的审美评价有较大的影响。5.针对景区植被的特点,从“针对植被不同破损、破碎程度,依据群落演替规律分类恢复与优化”、“营建复层群落结构,恢复生物多样性”、“加强自然边缘生境的恢复,创造边缘效应”三方面提出植被恢复与重建对策。从四方面提出森林植物群落景观优化措施：①积极营造色彩变化的景观林分；②注重植物间的形体协调；③营造郁闭适度的群落空间；④保持良好的卫生条件。研究成果对仙庾岭风景名胜区植被景观的建设和管理具有实践参考价值。在城市化进程的快速发展下,对探索近郊型风景名胜区从植被景观营建的角度发展旅游、农业休闲与科普文化等具有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, scenic spots have entered a period of high speed development. However, irrational exploitation and aggravation have resulted in the destruction of ecological resources. This is the common problem facing most scenic spots. With the development and change of landscape tourism, the advantages of urban suburb scenic areas have become more and more advantages, and the advantages of convenient transportation have become more and more important. The choice of many tourists, however, the scenic area is affected by the urban construction and development, the existence of certain agricultural production activities, and the interference of human activities to the ecological resources more frequent, the vegetation often exists the ecological system degradation, the community is unstable and so on. In view of these problems, this study takes the scenic name of Hunan Xian Yu Ling. The vegetation landscape of the victory area is the research object. Through the field survey, the plant resources of the scenic area are counted and analyzed. 36 representative forest plant communities are investigated by the sample method, and the structural characteristics and diversity of the plant are studied. The landscape of 12 typical plant communities in the Xian Yu Ling scenic area is evaluated by the beauty evaluation method. On the basis of the study, the Countermeasures of vegetation restoration and reconstruction and the optimization of typical landscape are proposed. The main results are as follows: 1. a total of 149 families, 352 genera and 491 species, 26 species, 19 genera and 14 species of gymnosperms, and 5 families, 9 genera and 14 species of gymnosperms, and 12 angiosperms, are presented. There are 451 species of 7 families and 324 genera, of which 408 species are naturally distributed and 83 species are cultivated. In order to exploit local plant resources and develop regional plant landscapes, there are 119 families, 270 genera and 367 species of ornamental plants, and 367 species of 270 genera are selected from the natural distribution species. The dominant family is Gramineae, and the Rosaceae (Rosa CEAE), Asteraceae, Papilionoideae, Lamiaceae, euphoridaceae (Euphorbiaceae), alizeaceae (Rubiaceae), Fagaceae, Lauraceae (Lauraceae), and Verbenaceae (Verbenaceae), with the focus of the genus piperinus (Lindera), alum (Symplocos), Rubus (Ranunculus), Quercus, Polygonum Ygonum), 7 genera (Lespedeza), Artemisia (Artemisia) and other.2. samples were used to investigate the main plant communities in the scenic area, and 36 plots were selected. The community structure (abundance, frequency, significance) and community diversity (richness index, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index) were analyzed in the 36 groups of plant communities. (1) the species diversity index of all kinds is basically the same, showing the trend of shrub layer and shrub layer, and the change range of shrub layer and herbaceous layer is smaller, and the distribution of herbaceous layer is more concentrated; thirdly, the index affects its factors, vegetation type, altitude, human disturbance degree and succession. In order to improve the diversity of the habitat, to improve the diversity of the plant community, the higher richness of the community species and the uniformity of the species in the system should be maintained. The community has a high stability.3., which is based on the survey records of the community, the analysis of the structure of the colony and the analysis of diversity and so on. The vegetation in the scenic area is in the progressive stage of succession and has obvious instability. Among them, the instability of the evergreen broad-leaved forest with the dominant species of Cinnamomum Cinnamomum; (2) the coniferous forest will gradually be successional to the next stage of the coniferous and broad-leaved forest; (3) the deciduous broad-leaved tree community will appear to a certain degree of decline, and gradually turn to evergreen and deciduous. The beauty of 12 groups of plant communities in the scenic area were evaluated and analyzed by the broadleaf mixed forest succession.4.. The multivariate linear regression model was established by the standardized beauty value of 8 landscape evaluation factors and the samples of each community: Y=-2.106+0.143X2+0.396X5+0.115X6-0.164X8 (R2=0.929). The color richness of landscape factor X2, the brightness of X5 color, and the form of X6 The characteristics, X8 canopy density, has a great influence on the evaluation of the judges' aesthetic evaluation, which has a great influence on the characteristics of the vegetation in the scenic area. From "the restoration and optimization of the classification of different vegetation breakages, the degree of breakage, the classification of the communities according to the succession law of the community", "building complex layer community structure, restoring biological diversity", "strengthening the restoration of natural marginal habitats and creating marginal effects" The three aspects put forward the Countermeasures of vegetation restoration and reconstruction. From four aspects, the optimization measures of forest plant community landscape were put forward: (1) create the landscape forest with color change actively; secondly, pay attention to the coordination of the form between plants; 3. Create the moderate canopy community space; keep good sanitary conditions. The research results on the vegetation landscape of the Xian Yu Ling scenic area. With the rapid development of the urbanization process, it is of great significance to explore the development of tourism from the angle of vegetation landscape construction in the suburb type scenic spots, and the agricultural leisure and popular science culture.

【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q948

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