北方满族建筑文化在村镇建筑设计中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 20:24

本文选题：满族 + 村镇建筑　；参考：《齐齐哈尔大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：满族是中国五十六个民族大家庭中的一个重要成员,在我国历史上曾经作为清王朝的统治者,对我国的政治、历史、文化以及建筑等方面的发展都形成了巨大的影响。满族是我国五十六个民族大家庭中的一员,也是中国历史上第一个建立了中原地区统一政权的少数民族。满族作为一个有着两千多年历史的民族,可追溯到先秦时期的肃慎人,由于这个民族世代生活在我国东北地区,因此受到区域地理环境的影响,满族建筑具有明显的地域性特征。而且满族受到萨满教的影响,满族建筑同时还具有浓厚的宗教色彩,满族人的住宅是日常居住的房屋,院落可作为宗教活动的场所,从百姓民间到皇室贵族,建筑形式都多多少少会受到萨满文化的影响。满族传统建筑经历了三个选址的演变过程,从山地到丘陵再到平原,满族的建筑形式也从最原始的居住方式到草房,再到院落形式的出现及清代中后期出现的各种建筑。这些建筑包括了在我国北方的传统满族民居,南方清代八旗驻军所在地的民宅,以沈阳故宫和北京故宫为代表的皇室宫廷建筑群,以颐和园、避暑山庄、清西陵等皇家园林为代表的园林建筑,在这些建筑中一部分具有典型的满族建筑特点,一部分则吸收了大量的其他民族文化,如汉、藏、蒙等民族文化的优势与长处,并将多种建筑艺术手法和建造工程法则相融合,书写了中国古代建筑史上一页崭新的篇章,也为后人留下了弥足珍贵的建筑文化遗产,值得我们去保护与传承。北方满族建筑文化在村镇建筑设计中的应用研究,是满族传统建筑文化与现代建筑设计融合性研究的一部分,也是保护和传承中国传统文化的一部分。为了更好的研究现代满族村镇建筑的发展,笔者首先研究了满族的文化与建筑文化,其次研究了现代村镇的整体发展,最后以国内外优秀设计案例为借鉴,进行拟建设计,并对其进行简要的设计说明。本论文研究为传统建筑文化与现代建筑设计的融合性研究提供了一些思想与理念,希望通过这些思想与理念,能在未来对中国建筑设计中传统民族建筑文化的传承与发展有一定的推动作用。
[Abstract]:Manchu is an important member of 56 ethnic families in China. In the history of China, Manchu was the ruler of the Qing Dynasty, which had a great influence on the development of politics, history, culture and architecture of our country. Manchu is a member of 56 ethnic families and the first ethnic minority in Chinese history to establish a unified regime in the Central Plains. As a nation with a history of more than two thousand years, Manchu can be traced back to the Su-Shen people in the pre-Qin period. Because this nationality has lived in the northeast of China for generations, it has been affected by the regional geographical environment. Manchu architecture has obvious regional characteristics. Moreover, the Manchu people are influenced by Shamanism. Manchu buildings also have strong religious colors. Manchu houses are houses for daily living. The courtyard can be used as a place for religious activities, from the common people to the royal nobles. Architectural forms are more or less affected by the shaman culture. The traditional Manchu architecture experienced three evolution processes, from mountain to hill and then to plain. The Manchu architectural form also changed from the most primitive living way to grass house, to the appearance of courtyard form and various kinds of architecture that appeared in the middle and later period of Qing Dynasty. The buildings include traditional Manchu houses in the north of the country, houses where the eight banners were stationed in the south of the Qing Dynasty, royal palace complexes represented by Shenyang The Imperial Palace and Beijing The Imperial Palace, and the Summer Palace, a summer resort. Some of these buildings have typical Manchu architectural characteristics, while others absorb a large number of other national cultures, such as Han, Tibetan, Mongolian and other national cultures. With the combination of various architectural art techniques and construction engineering principles, it has written a new chapter in the history of ancient Chinese architecture and left a precious architectural cultural heritage for future generations, which is worthy of our protection and inheritance. The research on the application of Manchu architectural culture in the architectural design of villages and towns is not only a part of the research on the integration of Manchu traditional architectural culture and modern architectural design, but also a part of protecting and inheriting Chinese traditional culture. In order to better study the development of modern Manchu villages and towns, the author first studies the Manchu culture and architectural culture, then studies the overall development of modern villages and towns, and finally uses the excellent design cases at home and abroad for reference to carry out the proposed design. A brief description of the design is given. This thesis provides some ideas and ideas for the fusion of traditional architectural culture and modern architectural design. It can promote the inheritance and development of traditional national architectural culture in Chinese architectural design in the future.
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU26

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