永城市城郊矿采煤塌陷区生态恢复与景观营造研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 01:07

本文选题：采煤塌陷区 + 生态修复　；参考：《东北林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：自人类社会进入工业化时代以来,煤炭一直是支撑工业发展的主要能源。虽然随着太阳能、风能等再生能源的兴起,煤炭逐渐被这些绿色环保的新能源所取代,但在旧工业时代煤炭资源开采过程中产生的种种问题却遗留至今且越发凸显。在我国,由于工业化的起步较晚,时至今日,电力、钢铁等许多重工业产业在短时间内仍然难以摆脱多煤炭的依赖。很多煤炭企业与地方政府只重视经济效益,轻视甚至忽视煤炭开采带来的生态环境恶化,致使资源开采与土地保护之间的矛盾日益凸显。而且,我国又是一个煤炭资源丰富的国家,据统计,约有8万余个地方、乡镇煤矿矿点分布在我国109个县。由于缺乏合理的开采计划与开采后的保护措施,许多因煤而兴的煤炭资源城市,在经多年开采后,资源渐渐枯竭,城市发展缺乏后续力量,进入衰退的境地,而开采造成的大片地表塌陷,又使得原有地貌发生巨大变化,土地等资源的破坏,当地子孙后代的生存空间都会受到严重威胁。作为豫东地区最大的无烟煤产地,河南省永城市自上世纪八十年代末开始,在经二十多年的煤炭开采后,市郊与市区周边多个乡镇形成了数个大大小小的采煤塌陷区域。为寻找一条能够改善采煤塌陷区生态环境的有效途径,本文以永城市东城区与西城区之间的城郊矿采煤塌陷区为例,展开以下研究：(1)以恢复生态学为理论基础,对近几年来,塌陷区的地表变化、植被变化、生态结构变化作对比研究；(2)以城市生态学、城市规划原理为理论基础,阐述塌陷区的出现对城市环境、城市发展的影响及利弊；(3)以景观生态学为基础,并结合当地政府主导进行的塌陷区改造工程,研究和论述以景观手段修复塌陷区生态环境的可行性与实际效果。总结现阶段存在的问题,提出合理有效的设想与建议。通过这些研究,探索出一条针恢复塌陷区生态环境的有效途径,并提出关于塌陷区景观营造的规划设想,建立模型并一一阐述。
[Abstract]:Since the human society entered the industrial age, coal has been the main energy to support the industrial development. With the rise of renewable energy, such as solar energy and wind energy, coal is gradually replaced by these green and new energy, but in the old industrial era, all kinds of problems in the process of mining coal resources have been left behind and become more and more prominent. In China, due to the late start of industrialization, today, many heavy industries such as electricity, steel and so on are still unable to get rid of the dependence of more coal in a short period of time. Many coal enterprises and local governments only attach importance to economic benefits, despise or even ignore the deterioration of ecological environment brought by coal mining, which makes the contradiction between resource exploitation and land protection increasingly prominent. Moreover, China is a country rich in coal resources. According to statistics, there are more than 80,000 places, and the township coal mines are distributed in 109 counties in China. Due to the lack of reasonable mining plans and protection measures after mining, many coal resource cities that have developed because of coal have gradually dried up their resources after years of exploitation, and the urban development lacks the follow-up strength and has entered a state of decline. However, due to the collapse of large areas of land caused by mining, the original geomorphology has changed greatly, the destruction of land and other resources, and the living space of future generations will be seriously threatened. As the largest anthracite producing area in eastern Henan Province, Yongcheng City, Henan Province has been mining coal for more than 20 years since the end of 1980s. After more than 20 years of coal mining, several large and small coal mining collapse areas have been formed in the suburbs and many towns around the urban area. In order to find an effective way to improve the ecological environment of coal mining subsidence area, this paper takes the coal mining collapse area between Dongcheng District and Xicheng District of Yongcheng City as an example, carries out the following research: 1) based on the theory of restoration ecology, in recent years, On the basis of the theory of urban ecology and urban planning, it is expounded that the occurrence of subsided area is of great importance to the urban environment, so as to make a comparative study of the land surface change, vegetation change and ecological structure change in the subsidence area, on the basis of the theory of urban ecology and urban planning. Based on landscape ecology and combined with the reconstruction project of subsidence area led by local government, the feasibility and practical effect of restoring the ecological environment of subsided area by landscape method are studied and discussed. This paper summarizes the existing problems and puts forward reasonable and effective ideas and suggestions. Through these studies, an effective way to restore the ecological environment of the subsided area is explored, and the planning assumption of landscape construction in the subsided area is put forward, and the model is established and explained one by one.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.4;TU984.114

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