深圳大南山和小南山郊野公园植物群落调查与植物景观评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 02:12

本文选题：深圳市 + 郊野公园　；参考：《仲恺农业工程学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来随着经济的迅速增长和城市化的不断加快,同时由于城市中心区用地紧张,城市建设越来越向原城市边缘和郊区发展,这让城市近郊原有的自然景观受到严重的破坏。在城市规划中往往重点关注城市中心地区的环境保护,对城市边缘的忽视导致郊区遭受严重的环境污染,长此以往城市郊区的生态系统在持续恶化下变得脆弱,城市的生态保护受到严重的考验。此外,城市居民在紧张的生活节奏下越来越向往回归自然,希望有个放松身心的自然场所。郊野公园正是在这种背景下被越来越多的城市所重视,目前郊野公园规划建设已在国内各大城市掀起高潮。然而,我国对郊野公园的研究仍处在探索阶段,还缺乏一个科学合理的成熟研究体系,且大多数研究集中在理论规划、建设发展、旅游资源开发等方面,对其他领域的研究工作较少。本文以深圳市大、小南山郊野公园为研究对象,从植物群落结构特征、植物群落多样性和植物景观评价三个方面进行了研究,并提出优化建议,以期为今后深圳及其他地区郊野公园的规划建设和植物群落研究提供参考。本文研究成果如下:1.植物群落结构特征(1)从调查的植物种类和来源来看,大、小南山郊野公园共有植物119科、300属、446种,总科数占据了世界高等植物350科的34%,而总种数已经达到深圳市2800余种(含街道和野外的栽培种)的15.96%,说明大、小南山郊野公园整体植物种类非常丰富。(2)从各植物群落层次结构来看,大南山人工植物群落层次更加分明,但小南山自然植物群落和半自然植物群落生长态势更好。此外,小南山自然植物群落和半自然植物群落的盖度与海拔高度呈正相关,小南山北坡的群落盖度要大于同海拔高度的南坡群落,这种情况的原因主要是小南山南坡群落受人为干扰和环境污染的影响较为严重。(3)从各植物群落优势种来看,大、小南山所有植物群落中乔木层优势种出现次数最多的是山乌桕,灌木层优势种出现次数最多的是九节,草本层优势种出现次数最多的是山麦冬和蟛蜞菊,说明这些植物在小南山和大南山分布相当广泛。此外,半自然植物群落优势种组成与自然植物群落非常相似,但其优势种种类分布更为均匀,而人工植物群落的优势种种类则完全不同。2.植物群落多样性(1)从植物群落多样性指标来看,大、小南山所有植物群落的Simpson指数乔木层平均值为0.8520,灌木层平均值为0.9321,草本层平均值为0.7880;Shannon-Wiener指数乔木层平均值为2.2001,灌木层平均值为2.6533,草本层平均值为1.6043;Odum指数乔木层平均值为3.0617,灌木层平均值为4.5057,草本层平均值为2.4941;Pielou指数乔木层平均值为0.7874,灌木层平均值为0.7702,草本层平均值为0.5319。15个植物群落多样性指标总体趋势是灌木层乔木层草本层。(2)从植物群落类型的比较来看,大、小南山郊野公园在物种多样性、丰富度、均匀度方面指数数据对比上均为半自然植物群落自然植物群落人工植物群落,这说明半自然植物群落多样性最高,群落结构稳定性最好,自然植物群落次之,而人工植物群落最差。(3)从植物群落相似性系数来看,大、小南山各植物群落之间相似度较低,说明整个区域内物种多样性较高。此外自然植物群落和半自然植物群落之间的相似度很高,而人工植物群落与它们的相似度很低,这与植物配置中的植物种类选择有关。3.植物景观评价(1)从植物景观评价因子的总权重来看,所有评价因子总权重值排序为物种多样性植被自然程度绿视率植物健康状况植物景观层次感植被覆盖度观赏特性多样性色彩丰富度生态优势度指数与周围环境协调性空间通透性。在准则层中生态性权重值为0.8333,观赏性权重值为0.1667,生态性权重值大于观赏性权重值符合郊野公园生态保护为主、游憩观赏为辅的原则。(2)从植物景观综合评价结果来看,Ⅰ级植物景观有4个,占所有植物群落的26.67%;Ⅱ级植物景观有5个,占所有植物群落的33.34%;Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级植物景观各有3个,各占所有植物群落的20%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid growth of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, at the same time, the urban construction is becoming more and more to the original urban fringe and suburb because of the shortage of land in urban central area. This makes the original natural landscape of the suburb seriously damaged. In the urban planning, the environmental protection of the urban central area is often paid more attention to the city. The neglect of the edge causes the suburb to suffer serious environmental pollution. In the past, the ecological system in the suburbs of the city has become fragile, and the ecological protection of the city is seriously tested. In addition, the urban residents are more and more yearning to return to nature under the tense rhythm of life. In this context, more and more cities have paid attention to, and the planning and construction of country parks have set off the climax of the major cities in China. However, the study of country parks is still in the stage of exploration, and a scientific and rational research system is still lacking, and most of the research is focused on the theoretical planning, construction and development, and the opening of tourism resources. In this paper, the research work on other fields is less. In this paper, the Shenzhen City, the small Nanshan country park is the research object, from the plant community structure characteristics, plant community diversity and plant landscape evaluation three aspects, and put forward the optimization suggestions for the future of Shenzhen and other areas of the country park planning and planting and planting. The results of the study of the plant community are as follows: 1. the characteristics of the plant community structure (1) from the species and source of the investigated plants, there are 119 families, 300 genera and 446 species in the small Nanshan country park. The total number of genera occupies 34% of the 350 families of the world's higher plants, and the total number has reached more than 2800 species in Shenzhen (including the streets and wild plants. 15.96%, it shows that the whole plant species of Nanshan country park is very rich. (2) from the level of plant community, the level of the plant community in the Nanshan Mountain is more distinct, but the natural plant community and the semi natural plant community in the small Nanshan Mountain are better. The coverage of the north slope of the small Nanshan Mountain is greater than the south slope community at the same altitude. The main reason is that the southern slope of the south mountain is more seriously affected by human disturbance and environmental pollution. (3) from the dominant species of plant community, the tree layer of the big and small Nanshan plant communities is dominant. The dominant species in the shrub layer are the most frequent occurrences in the nine section, and the dominant species in the herbaceous layer is the most frequent occurrence of the species, indicating that these plants are widely distributed in the small Nanshan and daunshan mountains. The species distribution is more uniform, and the dominant species of the artificial plant community is completely different from the.2. plant community diversity (1) from the plant community diversity index. The average value of the Simpson index tree layer of all the plant communities in the small Nanshan Mountain is 0.8520, the average value of the shrub layer is 0.9321, the average of the herb layer is 0.7880, and the Shannon-Wiener index Joe. The average value of the wood layer is 2.2001, the average value of the shrub layer is 2.6533, the average value of the herb layer is 1.6043, the average value of the Odum tree layer is 3.0617, the average value of the shrub layer is 4.5057, the average of the herb layer is 2.4941, the average value of the Pielou tree layer is 0.7874, the average value of the shrub layer is 0.7702, the average of the herb layer is 0.5319.15 plant community diversity. The overall trend of the index is the shrub layer arbor layer herb layer. (2) from the comparison of plant community types, the index data of the species diversity, richness and evenness of the small Nanshan country park are the artificial plant community of the natural plant community in the semi natural plant community, which indicates that the diversity of the semi natural plant community is the highest, and the community knot is the highest. The structure stability is the best, the natural plant community is the second, and the artificial plant community is the worst. (3) from the similarity coefficient of plant community, the similarity degree between the plant communities in the big and small Nanshan mountains is low, which indicates that the species diversity is higher in the whole region. The similarity with them is very low. This is related to plant species selection in plant allocation.3. plant landscape evaluation (1) from the total weight of plant landscape evaluation factors, the total weight of all evaluation factors is classified as species diversity, vegetation nature green view, plant health status, plant landscape and vegetation coverage of plant landscape with diverse ornamental characteristics In the standard layer, the ecological weight value is 0.8333, the ornamental weight value is 0.1667, the ecological weight value is larger than the ornamental weight value, which conforms to the ecological protection of the country park and the recreation and ornamental is supplemented. (2) from the results of the comprehensive evaluation of plant landscape. There are 4 plant landscapes for grade I, accounting for 26.67% of all plant communities, 5 of the second grade plant landscapes, 33.34% for all plant communities, and 3 of grade III and IV plant landscapes each, each of which accounts for 20%. of all plant communities.

【学位授予单位】：仲恺农业工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S688;TU986.5

【参考文献】