复合流人工快渗生态田处理农村生活污水强化效能研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 03:44

本文选题：农村生活污水 + 复合流人工快渗生态田　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：针对目前我国农村地区资金短缺、能源不足、技术缺乏的情况,采用投资少、能耗低、运行稳定、维护管理方便的实用型污水处理技术,是解决我国农村现有条件下的污水污染问题的主要途径。而人工快速渗滤系统(Constructed Rapid Infiltration System,简称CRI系统)系统具有投资少、成本低、见效快、易于维护等特点,是农村分散式生活污水污染控制的实用技术。本研究依托于国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项——“河南丹库汇水流域水质安全保障关键技术研究与示范”,以保障水源区水质安全为目标,针对CRI系统总氮、磷去除率低,运行效果不稳定等问题,建立了复合流人工快渗生态田技术。重点研究了喷淋滴滤与配水／落干结合的复合流人工快渗强化脱氮技术,复合流人工快渗生态田植被强化脱氮除磷技术,颗粒介质强化除磷技术,固相有机碳源玉米芯反硝化脱氮技术。通过柱实验、槽实验等试验手段研究了农村分散生活污水处理效能强化技术,对其处理污染物的机理、效果、影响因素及可行性等进行了深入研究,并在此基础上,在南水北调水源区某村镇建设了农村生活污水处理工程。研究结果表明：喷淋高度对滴滤池脱氮效能影响较大,在喷淋高度为0.4m时,污染物去除效果最好；进水间隔在0-36h范围内,进水间隔越长滴滤池对氮的去除效果越好。筛选石灰石和海绵铁为除磷填料。二者除磷效率随pH值、温度、投加量增大等因素的升高而提高,但是超过定值,便会出现解吸现象；本研究最终采用石灰石作为复合流人工快渗生态田系统除磷单元的填料。对5种挺水植物进行除磷试验,结果表明,芦苇、千屈菜、香蒲、黄菖蒲、美人蕉对污水中TP的去除率均在44.7%以上。综合植物生长状况、景观效应以及示范工程现场需要,选用千屈菜作为人工快渗生态田系统的富磷植物。复合流人工快渗生态田系统种植千屈菜后,系统对污染物的去除效果均有一定程度提高,氨氮、总氮去除率提高较大,总磷次之,CODCR去除率提高最小。在湿干比为8h：24h的条件下,水力负荷在0.4m/d-0.8m/d范围内变化时,系统TN去除率呈先升高后降低的趋势变化；氨氮、TP表现出随水力负荷增加去除率逐渐降低的趋势变化,但降低幅度不明显；在水力负荷为0.8m/d的条件下,湿干比为8h：32h和8h：24h时,系统处理效果良好。对系统进行渗透性研究时发现,滴滤池在运行过程中渗透系数几乎未发生变化；由于采用下部进水的方式,人工快渗段中层、下层填料渗透系数下降较快,上层下降最小；吸磷池由于进行化学沉淀反应,渗透系数下降较快。将玉米芯作为反硝化补充碳源试验得出,进水N03--N浓度为30mg/L,容积负荷小于0.24kgNO3--N/m3d的条件下,系统出水N03-N可保持在12mg/L左右。利用上述四种强化手段构建的复合流人工快渗生态田技术,处理农村分散式生活污水经济可行,试验与工程示范结果表明,本技术对CODCR、氨氮、TN、TP有良好去除效果,其出水可以稳定达到《生活杂用水标准CJ25.1-89》,符合农村分散式生活污水处理的实际需求。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problems of low investment , low energy consumption , stable operation , easy maintenance and so on , it is a practical technique to solve the problem of sewage pollution in rural areas .
In the range of 0 - 36 h , the better the removal of nitrogen from the long - distance trickling filter , the better the efficiency of phosphorus removal is to screen limestone and sponge iron , but the efficiency of phosphorus removal increases with the increase of pH value , temperature and adding amount , but the desorption phenomenon occurs when the pH value exceeds the fixed value .
The results showed that the removal rate of TP in sewage was more than 44.7 % . The results showed that the removal rate of TP in sewage was more than 44.7 % .
Ammonia nitrogen and TP showed that the removal rate gradually decreased with the increase of hydraulic load , but the decrease was not obvious .
Under the condition that the hydraulic load is 0.8m / d , the wet - dry ratio is 8h : 32h and 8h : 24h , the system treatment effect is good . When the permeability of the system is studied , it is found that the permeability coefficient of the trickling filter is almost unchanged during operation ;
Due to the adoption of the lower water inlet method , the permeability coefficient of the middle layer and the lower layer of the artificial fast infiltration section is decreased quickly , and the upper layer is lowered to the minimum ;
The results showed that N03 - N of the system can be kept at about 12 mg / L under the condition that the concentration of N03 - N is 30 mg / L and the volume load is less than 0.24 kgNO3 - -N / m3d .

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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