克雷洛夫寓言的创作特点研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 02:17

本文选题：克雷洛夫寓言 + 寓意承载　；参考：《华中师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：伊万·安德烈耶维奇·克雷洛夫是俄罗斯作家中,以寓言的形式深入俄罗斯人民生活、俄罗斯思想和语言的第一人。《克雷洛夫寓言集》是第一本全体俄罗斯人从宫廷到农民都能阅读的书籍。克雷洛夫语言是人民的语言,它通俗易懂,甚至许多诗句都已成为人们喜爱的格言。普希金称克雷洛夫为“最具有人民性的诗人”。果戈里说“克雷洛夫的寓言是人民的财富,是一部记录人民智慧的书”1。读者可以从他的寓言里看到当时的整个俄罗斯世界。从内容上看,克雷洛夫寓言揭露了俄罗斯农奴制社会的黑暗,官僚专制主义的罪恶,农奴地主、贵族、权臣直至沙皇的残暴与昏庸,同时歌颂了劳动人民的勤劳和聪慧,表达了对人民和祖国的热爱。此外,我们从他的寓言中可以学到异常丰富的文学创作的艺术手法。克雷洛夫继承和发展了伊索、拉封丹等人的寓言,他以物寓人,以小寓大,借古讽今,把寓言的讽刺性效果发挥到极致。同时他注重对人物动作、表情、心理等细节的描写,把剧中人物形象刻画得栩栩如生,使人物性格展现得淋漓尽致。从《诗学》的角度来看,克雷洛夫摹仿生活,摹仿古人,同时对人物和事件进行了合理的艺术虚构,他的寓言是摹仿和虚构统一的完美。在对寓言情节的处理方面,符合亚里士多德的情节中心论的观点,他注重情节的完整统一,同时利用情节的“突转”和“发现”使剧情的矛盾冲突变得更加集中激烈,产生强烈的艺术效果。克雷洛夫寓言是优美的,是轻松快乐的,同时充满睿智和风趣,给人生活上的教育和启迪,克雷洛夫在寓言中实现了贺拉斯提出的关于文艺作品“寓教于乐”的价值。在俄罗斯,对克雷洛夫的研究主要分为以下几个方面：1)C.H.(?).CTeΠaHOB等对克雷洛夫生平及其创造的研究：详细地介绍了克雷洛夫的文学创作道路以及当时社会政治环境对其创作的影响；2)B.B.B(?)对克雷洛夫寓言语体修辞的研究,指出克雷洛夫以一种新的方式,比普希金更早地将不同的语体运用到自己的寓言创作中；3)A.C.OpΠOB等把克雷洛夫寓言和俄罗斯其他寓言家的作品进行了对比研究,指出,克雷洛夫与俄罗斯其他寓言家,如A.Π.CyMapOKOB,B.H.(?)和(?)相比,在语言表达上更加贴近人民,更富有表现力；4)B.H.KopoBHH分析了克雷洛夫寓言中所表达的思想：对沙皇政府的不满,对人民的同情和赞美,爱国主义思想以及对生活的解释和批判；5)A.A.(?)等研究了克雷洛夫创作对俄罗斯文学发展的影响,并指出克雷洛夫语言是俄罗斯言语文化的重要组成部分,其寓言为文学传统与俄语口语结合指明了发展方向,为后世普希金、格里鲍耶陀夫的创作奠定了基础。除此之外,K(?) P C.编纂了克雷洛夫寓言词典,词典收录了克雷洛夫198篇寓言里的全部单词及成语,并对其意义作了详细的阐释。国内,对克雷洛夫寓言的研究主要集中于分析其寓言所表达的思想方面。如：《试论克雷洛夫寓言的人民性》(王培青)中指出,克雷洛夫寓言不朽的价值正是在于他直接或者间接地表达了俄罗斯人民的利益,促进了人民的解放斗争；《克雷洛夫寓言的现实主义》(徐强华)从克雷洛夫寓言中所表现出来的反对沙皇、关心人民以及爱国主义思想三个角度来论述其寓言的现实主义特点。除此之外,国内翻译大师从理论和实践方面对寓言翻译进行了研究,因此,国内读者可以看到不同翻译版本的《克雷洛夫寓言集》。虽然国内外对克雷洛夫及其寓言的研究都取得了很大的成就,但是我们认为对克雷洛夫寓言创作艺术特点的研究还不够深入,缺乏从诗学的角度分析其寓言创作特点。因此本文将从寓言的寓意、寓言的艺术特色包括人物形象塑造、讽刺艺术,以及从诗学的角度对克雷洛夫寓言的创作特点进行详细的分析阐述。本文由导论、正文和结语三部分组成。导论将介绍本论文的研究历史和现状,并指出论文的研究目的及任务,理论意义与实践意义,以及创新之处。正文由四章构成。第一章对克雷洛夫生平作了简要介绍,分析了他选择寓言这种体裁作为自己的文学创作事业与个人性格、亲身经历以及当时的社会政治环境的关系,同时分析克雷洛夫寓言的语言特点,把各种语体融合于寓言中,体现了俄罗斯人民生活的方方面面,深受广大人民的喜爱。第二章主要是剖析寓言的寓意,并指出其寓意主要有三大类：批判农奴制度和沙皇的统治,表达自己的爱国思想,以及对理论在社会中作用的哲学思考(尤其是法国大革命失败后,雅各宾派的恐怖政策和拿破仑的侵略战争引起克雷洛夫对启蒙主义思想的反思)。第三章深入探究克雷洛夫寓言的艺术特色,其中包括寓言中各类形象的分类；通过语言、动作、心理描写对形象的塑造；以及借助于拟人、夸张、对比、反讽等修辞手法达到寓言的讽刺效果。第四章运用诗学理论对克雷洛夫寓言进行分析,揭示出克雷洛夫寓言摹仿和虚构完美的统一,以及在情节处理上的独特之处。结语部分对克雷洛夫寓言创作特点进行了概括和总结,并指出克雷洛夫寓言在俄罗斯文学史上的重要地位及今后研究方向。由于本人学识有限,经验欠缺,文章中的一些观点有待挖掘商榷,缺点和错误,恳请批评指正。
[Abstract]:Ivan Andreyevich Krylov is a Russian writer, in the form of allegory to go deep into the life of the Russian people, the first person in Russian thought and language. The "Krylov fable" is the first book all Russians can read from the court to the peasants. The language of Krylov is the language of the people. It is easy to understand and even understand. Many poems have become popular adages. Pushkin called Krylov "the most popular poet". Gogol said "the fable of Krylov is the wealth of the people and a book on the wisdom of the people." 1. readers can see the whole Russian world from his fable. From the content, Krylov reside. It revealed the darkness of the Russian serfdom society, the evil of bureaucratic despotism, the serf landlord, the aristocracy, the authority and the Czar's brutality and fatality, and the diligence and wisdom of the working people, and the love of the people and the motherland. In addition, we can learn the abnormally rich art of literary creation from his words. Creuf inherits and develops the allegory of Aesop, La Fontaine and others. He uses things to contain people and to make the satirical effects of the fables to the extreme. At the same time, he pays attention to the description of the characters' action, expression, psychology and other details, portrays the characters in the play vividly, and makes the character's character vividly. From the point of view of learning, he imitates life and imitates the ancients. At the same time, he makes reasonable artistic fictions for the characters and events. His allegory is the perfect unity of imitation and fiction. In the treatment of the allegorical plot, he is in line with the point of view of Aristotle's plot centrism, he pays attention to the complete unity of the plot, and uses the plot. The conflict and the discovery make the conflict of the plot more intense and intense and produce strong artistic effect. Krylov's fable is beautiful, is relaxed and happy, is full of wisdom and humour, and gives the education and Enlightenment of people's life, and Krylov has realized "parable" in the fable about literary and artistic works by Horace. In Russia, the study of Krylov is divided into the following aspects: 1) C.H. (?).CTe aHOB and other studies on the life and creation of Krylov: detailed description of Krylov's literary creation road and the influence of social and political environment on his creation; 2) B.B.B (?) to Krylov's fable style of speech The research points out that Krylov, in a new way, applies different languages earlier than Pushkin to his own fable creation; 3) A.C.Op OB and so on, compared Krylov fable with other Russian allegorical works, pointing out that Krylov and other allegorical families of Russian Ross, such as A..CyMapOKOB, B.H. (?) and (?) Compared with the people, more expressive in language expression; 4) B.H.KopoBHH analyzed the ideas expressed in Krylov's Fable: sympathy for the Czar government, sympathy and praise to the people, patriotism and criticism of life; 5) A.A. (?) research on the development of Russian literature. It also points out that Krylov language is an important part of Russian language culture. His allegory indicates the development direction of the combination of literary tradition and Russian spoken language, which lays the foundation for the creation of Pushkin and Gerry Bowyer Torf in later generations. In addition, K (?) P C. compiled a Krylov fable dictionary, and the dictionary includes Krylov 198 All the words and idioms in the fable are explained in detail. In China, the study of Krylov's fable mainly focuses on the analysis of the ideological aspects of his fable. For example, "on the people's nature of Krylov's fable" (Wang Peiqing) points out that the value of the immortality of Krylov's fable is directly or indirectly. To express the interests of the Russian people and promote the struggle for the liberation of the people, the realism > (Xu Qianghua) of Krylov's Fable (Xu Qianghua) discussed the realistic characteristics of the fable from three angles, such as the Czar, the people and the patriotism in the fable of Krylov's fable. The translation of fables is studied in the field of practice, so the domestic readers can see the Krylov fable set of different translations. Although both at home and abroad have made great achievements in the study of Krylov and his fable, we think that the research on the artistic features of Krylov's fable is not deep enough and lacks from the poetics. This article will make a detailed analysis of the artistic features of Krylov's fable from the parable of the fable, including the characterization of the characters, the art of satire, and the poetics. This article is composed of three parts: introduction, text and knot. Introduction will introduce the research of this thesis. History and present situation, and point out the purpose and task of the research, theoretical significance and practical significance, and innovation. The text is composed of four chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces Krylov's life, and analyzes his choice of allegory as his own literary creation and personal character, personal experience and social politics at that time. The relationship of the environment, the analysis of the linguistic features of Krylov's fable, and the fusion of various forms to fables, embodies all aspects of the life of the Russian people, and is deeply loved by the masses. The second chapter mainly analyzes the allegorical meaning of the allegory, and points out that its allegory mainly includes three categories: criticizing the serf system and the rule of the Czar, expressing himself. The patriotic thought and the philosophical thinking about the role of theory in society (especially after the failure of the French Revolution, Napoleon's war of aggression and the reflection of Krylov's war of aggression). The third chapter explores the artistic features of Krylov's fable, including the various kinds of images in the fables. Class; through the language, action, psychological description of the image of the molding; and the use of personification, exaggeration, contrast, irony and other rhetorical devices to reach the satirical effect of allegorical. The fourth chapter uses the poetic theory to analyze Krylov's fable, revealing the unity of Krylov fable and fictional perfection, as well as the unique plot processing. The concluding part summarizes and summarizes the characteristics of Krylov's fable creation, and points out the important position and future research direction of Krylov's fable in the history of Russian literature. Because of my limited knowledge and lack of experience, some points in the article need to be discussed, lack and error, and the critique is corrected.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I512.077

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