基于RS的西宁市森林景观动态格局分析

发布时间：2018-05-14 12:45

  本文选题：TM + 监督分类　； 参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究选择西宁市为研究对象,该市1987、2001和2013年三个时段的TM遥感影像为数据源,运用景观生态学原理,结合森林资源二类调查数据,在遥感数字图像处理系统GIS以及景观分析软件系统Fragstats3.3支持下,对西宁市森林景观动态变化进行了分析。其中,地类分为有林地、灌木林地、宜林地、未成林造林地和非林地;景观分析分为景观整体水平和景观要素类型水平,选取8个景观指数,即斑块数量(NP)、斑块面积(CA)、斑块所占景观面积比例(PLAND)、斑块密度(PD)、平均斑块密度(AREA-MN)、边缘密度(ED)、香农多样性指数(SHDI)、香农均匀度指数(SHEI)。通过研究获得以下主要结论:(1)从景观水平上,1987年有林地占总面积的3.7326%,2001年为9.1779%,到了2013年为11.9551%,人为活动影响显著,研究区土地利用逐渐丰富,物种多样性增加,森林斑块面积增加,斑块总数量明显减少,斑块间异质性增强,破碎度降低,城市绿化加强,植被覆盖率提高。非林地面积也一直在增加,城市建设处于向外扩张状态。由此证明,经过长期的人工造林,植被覆盖率提高、生态逐渐恢复,改善森林景观格局,降低了森林景观破碎化,提高了森林生态系统的稳定性和复杂性。(2)在景观要素水平上,景观的破碎化程度和景观空间异质性程度降低。全区景观多样性指数从1987—2013年多样性指数先升后降,保持在1.2124左右,均匀度指数也是先升后降,保持在0.6767左右,表明各类景观组分面积比例差别在逐渐缩小,景观中各组分分配越来越均匀,某一种或几种景观组分占优势的情况越来越少,这些变化说明景观整体结构由于人类活动的加强而变得均衡。(3)景观类型转移方面,有林地和非林地面积增多,随着人口增多、经济增长,城市一直不断向外扩建,非林地及建筑用地的面积不断增多,势必会导致周边土地征用和林地面积的减少,但是,随着意识的提高,以及相应党和国家的号召,绿化也不断加强,土地通过改造,逐渐栽植灌木,使已有的灌木林地能够转化为林地,在大量营造人工林的同时,也加强了对现有林地的保护,提高绿化覆盖率,恢复生态,充分将人文、社会、环境有机结合,走可持续发展道路。
[Abstract]:In this study, Xining city is selected as the research object. The TM remote sensing image of three periods of 19872001 and 2013 in the city is the data source. Using the landscape ecology principle, combined with the forest resources two types of survey data, the dynamic change of Xining forest landscape in the remote sensing digital image processing system and the landscape analysis software system Fragstats3.3 support, the dynamic change of forest landscape in Xining City The analysis is divided into woodland, shrub, woodland, suitable forestland, unforested land and non woodland; landscape analysis is divided into landscape overall level and landscape element type level, and 8 landscape indices, NP, patch area (CA), patch area ratio (PLAND), patch density (PD), and average patch density (AREA-) MN), edge density (ED), Shannon diversity index (SHDI) and Shannon evenness index (SHEI). Through the study, the following main conclusions were obtained: (1) from the landscape level, in 1987, woodland accounted for 3.7326% of the total area, 9.1779% in 2001, and 11.9551% in 2013, and the land use gradually enriched and species diversity increased in the study area. The area of forest patches is increasing, the total number of patches is obviously reduced, the heterogeneity is enhanced, the degree of fragmentation is reduced, the urban greening is strengthened, the vegetation coverage is increased. The area of non woodland has been increasing, and the urban construction is in a state of outward expansion. It is proved that after long-term artificial afforestation, the vegetation coverage is raised, and the ecological restoration is gradually restored, Gai Shansen. The landscape pattern of forest reduced the fragmentation of forest landscape and improved the stability and complexity of forest ecosystem. (2) the fragmentation degree of landscape and the degree of heterogeneity of landscape space were reduced at the level of landscape elements. The diversity index of landscape diversity in the whole region rose first and then dropped from 1987 to 2013, and remained at about 1.2124, and the evenness index was kept. It is also the first rise and then descending, and it is kept at about 0.6767. It shows that the difference of the proportion of various landscape components is gradually narrowing, the distribution of each component in the landscape is more and more uniform, and the situation of one or several landscape components is becoming less and less. These changes indicate that the overall structure of the landscape is balanced by the strengthening of human activities. (3) the landscape type turns. With the increase of forest land and non woodland area, with the increase of population, the economic growth, the city has been expanding, the area of non woodland and construction land is increasing, which will inevitably lead to the reduction of the land expropriation and the area of the woodland. However, with the improvement of consciousness and the call of the corresponding party and state, the greening is constantly strengthened, and the soil is constantly strengthened, soil and soil. Through transformation, shrubs are gradually planted to transform the existing shrubs to woodlands. While building a large number of artificial forests, they also strengthen the protection of the existing woodlands, improve the afforestation coverage, restore the ecology, and fully integrate the humanities, society and environment, and take the sustainable development road.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S718.5;S712

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