鄱阳湖生态经济区生物多样性评价与影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 03:07

本文选题：鄱阳湖生态经济区 + 生物多样性评价　；参考：《江西农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：生物多样性为人类的生存和社会经济发展提供丰富的物质基础,是维持全球生态平衡的重要条件,是人类实现可持续发展的保证。因此了解区域的生物多样性分布状况及影响因素是地理学和生态学研究的核心和前沿问题之一。人类活动作为影响生物多样性重要因素之一,研究人类活动对生物多样性的影响对生物多样性保护方面具有重要意义。鄱阳湖生态经济区因其优越的地理区位和生态条件,努力建设成生态和社会经济协调发展的典型示范区。但是随着人类活动的强度与频度不断加强,区域内生态环境遭到损害,区域景观发生较大变化,区域生物多样性遭受严重威胁。因此评价区域内生物多样性分布状况以及与人类活动之间的关系变得尤其重要。本文以鄱阳湖生态经济区为研究区域,以县级为单位搜集区域生物多样性、土地利用现状图以及相关的统计年鉴等数据,分析区域生物多样性的县级分布格局,然后对其进行评价。根据地区实际和相关原则构建了人类活动指标体系,然后与区域生物多样性进行相关分析。运用Fragstats 3.3景观分析软件计算38县区的景观指数,再和区域生物多样性进行相关分析,以此探讨分析区域内景观格局特征对生物多样性的影响机理研究。主要结论有:(1)区内生物多样性较为丰富,各县市区之间的差异也较大,在空间分布上总体呈现由湖体向四周逐步降低的格局;(2)人类活动因子中的人口密度、城市化率、人均GDP、农村人均纯收入、建设用地比重、保护区面积这些指标与区域生物多样性呈显著相关性。采用逐步回归分析表明,人类活动对区域生物多样性影响程度城市化率建设用地比重保护区面积人均GDP。说明人类活动对当地生物多样性影响较为显著,保护与发展的矛盾依然较为明显,区内林业活动和生态建设活动对生物多样性保护起到了积极作用。(3)景观类型水平上景观指数与区域生物多样性之间的相关分析结果表明,耕地景观对于生物多样性的复杂关系。林地是动植物生存的主要栖息地,为其提供了较好的生长环境。但是发现区域内林地的景观特征与各物种之间的相关关系并不是很显著,很多呈现负相关。而湿地的大部分景观指标和区域生物多样性存在显著的正相关。说明区域内的湿地景观、林地景观是区域生物多样性的主要栖息场所,同时作为产粮主产区,耕地景观的影响也不容忽视。因此要保护区域内的湿地、林地、耕地景观对于维持区域生物多样性有重要的影响。(4)景观水平上景观指数与生物多样性之间的相关分析结果显示,景观的面积大小、数目、形状、多样性对生物多样性和各种生物过程都有较大影响。说明区域景观格局特征对生物多样性具有较好的相关性,两者关系较为复杂。
[Abstract]:Biodiversity provides rich material basis for human survival and social economic development, is an important condition to maintain the global ecological balance, and is the guarantee of sustainable development of human beings. Therefore, understanding the distribution of regional biodiversity and its influencing factors is one of the core and frontier problems in geography and ecology. As one of the important factors affecting biodiversity, it is of great significance to study the effects of human activities on biodiversity conservation. Because of its superior geographical location and ecological conditions, Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone is built into a typical demonstration area for the harmonious development of ecology and social economy. However, with the increasing intensity and frequency of human activities, the ecological environment in the region has been damaged, the regional landscape has changed greatly, and the regional biodiversity has been seriously threatened. Therefore, it is particularly important to evaluate the distribution of biodiversity in the region and its relationship with human activities. This paper takes Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone as the research area, collects the regional biodiversity, land use status map and related statistical yearbooks, and analyzes the distribution pattern of regional biodiversity at the county level. Then it is evaluated. The index system of human activities is constructed according to the regional reality and relevant principles, and then the correlation analysis with regional biodiversity is carried out. The landscape index of 38 counties was calculated by using Fragstats 3.3 landscape analysis software, and then the correlation analysis with regional biodiversity was carried out to explore the influence mechanism of landscape pattern characteristics on biodiversity in the region. The main conclusions are as follows: the area is rich in biodiversity, and the difference between the counties and the urban areas is also great. The spatial distribution of the population density and urbanization rate of the factors of human activity is gradually decreasing from the lake body to the surrounding area. Per capita GDP, rural per capita net income, proportion of construction land and protected area were significantly correlated with regional biodiversity. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the degree of influence of human activities on regional biodiversity urbanization rate the proportion of construction land area per capita GDP. The results show that the impact of human activities on local biodiversity is significant, and the contradiction between conservation and development is still obvious. Forestry activities and ecological construction activities in this area played a positive role in biodiversity conservation. 3) the correlation between landscape index and regional biodiversity at the landscape type level showed that the complex relationship between cultivated land landscape and biodiversity. Forest land is the main habitat for the survival of animals and plants, which provides a better growth environment. However, it was found that the landscape characteristics of woodland in the region were not significantly correlated with the species, and many of them were negatively correlated. However, most of the landscape indexes of wetland have significant positive correlation with regional biodiversity. The results show that the wetland landscape and woodland landscape are the main habitat of regional biodiversity. As the main grain-producing area, the influence of cultivated land landscape can not be ignored. Therefore, to protect the wetland, woodland and cultivated land landscape in the region has an important impact on the maintenance of regional biodiversity. The analysis results of the correlation between landscape index and biodiversity at landscape level show that the size and number of landscape areas. Shape and diversity have great influence on biodiversity and various biological processes. It shows that the regional landscape pattern has a good correlation with biodiversity, and the relationship between the two is more complex.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q16

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