银川黄河湿地功能菌的分离鉴定及其污水净化能力研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 16:09

本文选题：银川黄河湿地 + 细菌分离鉴定　；参考：《宁夏大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：湿地是连结陆地与水体之间的纽带,不仅拥有陆生生态系统的特点,而且还具有水生生态系统的特点,具备很多独有的特性及功能,能够为湿地中许多不同种类的植物、动物和多种多样的微生物创造良好的生存环境,同时也是生物多样性最庞大且繁杂的生态系统。湿地作为“地球之肾”,在生态环境中具有不可替代的作用,不仅可以对当地的水源进行补偿,还表现出较强的防洪蓄水、调节区域气候、保护物种多样性、维持生态系统的平衡、固定二氧化碳等生态功能,同时还具有较明显的降解污染物、净化水质的能力。此外,湿地可以产生一定的淡水资源、动植物产品和矿物资源,不仅体现出良好的经济效益,还拥有一定的社会效益,在景观和教育方面也有很大的价值。湿地在完成水质净化功能的过程中主要通过土壤——植物——微生物这个复合生态系统来进行的,以物理、化学和生物三重协调作用实现对污水的高效净化目的。湿地微生物在这个过程当中占有极其重要的地位,它不仅承担着维持生态系统平衡的角色,还在污染物的去除方面发挥着相当重要的作用。湿地生态系统在发挥净水作用的过程中,微生物的各类活动是实现有机物降解和转化的主要渠道,颇为充沛的微生物数量和种类给湿地这个天然的、复合的、高效的污水净化系统来带了足够的分解者。通过研究综述发现国内外对湿地微生物的研究广泛,但西部地区存在显著的研究匮乏现象。宁夏平原由于其特殊的自然地理条件,不仅造就了大量的湿地资源,而且湿地类型多样、分布广泛。银川黄河湿地是宁夏众多湿地资源中较为鲜见的受人类影响活动较小的湖泊湿地,对银川平原的气候、水资源、生物多样性、自然景观等多个方面发挥着重要的生态服务功能,在黄河生态安全维护和银川平原的生态建设中充当着重要的角色。本次研究通过利用各项水质检测和评价方法,对银川黄河湿地7个不同区域水样的水质情况和细菌数量进行野外调查、采样、分析测试,初步了解了黄河湿地A区的细菌菌落均数及各类污染物的时空分布规律,发现细菌数量与有机类污染物的去除率间存在着显著相关性,然后采用目前较为成熟的分子生物学方法确定了银川黄河湿地细菌的种类构成,进一步采用模拟人工湿地进行为期60h的生活污水模拟实验,对其中6株菌的去污能力进行测定后,最终筛选出对水中CODcr、氨氮、总磷都有较好降解效率的两株菌,运用微生物传统鉴定方法对这两株细菌进行生理生化鉴定,并对其中一株细菌构建了系统发育树,确定了其生物学地位。此次实验研究不仅提升了银川平原乃至宁夏在湿地功能菌研究方面的深度,提升湿地水环境处理能力,充分发挥湿地资源的生态服务功能,为湿地资源的保护和有效利用提供技术支撑,为银川平原水资源的高效循环利用奠定了理论基础。结论如下：(1)银川黄河湿地水体污染物浓度在不同时期的分布存在一定的变化,且差异性较大。春季的综合污染指数相对偏高,超出全年综合污染指数平均值；夏季综合污染指数低于春季,但也超出全年综合污染指数平均值,变化较明显；秋季的综合污染指数相对偏低,并且各点位之间存在波动变化；冬季湿地出现结冰现象,污染物的变化不是十分的显著,故综合污染指数也不是很显著。整体而言,春季水质相对较差,其次是夏季。另外,采样点细菌菌落总数平均数在四个季节存在动态变化的趋势,呈现夏秋春冬的总体变化趋势。(2)春季和秋季,细菌数量与污染物的去除率及污染物浓度没有相关性：夏季,五日生化需氧量的浓度与细菌数量成负相关(P0.05,r=-0.844),而在冬季,有机物的去除率则与细菌数量成正相关(P0.05,r=0.863)。(3)银川黄河湿地水体经细菌的培养和分离纯化后,共获得纯化培养物73个,通过16srDNA测序后与NCBI数据库比对,结果分离获得7属23种细菌,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)9株,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)5株,不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter) 3株,气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)3株,动性杆菌属(Planomicrobium)1株,希瓦氏菌(Shewanella)1株,寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)1株。(4)通过对分离纯化后的23株细菌进行驯化培养,其中有6株菌的生长状况相对较好,对这6株菌进一步进行污染物降解能力研究。将菌株投入生活污水中的60h内,各污染物的浓度变化基本都呈现不同的趋势,不同菌株对污染物的降解能力各不相同,而同种菌株对不同污染物的能力也有差异。菌株HG1、HG5、HG4、HG2对污水中CODcr的降解效果最好,去除率分别为49.06%、35.45%、31.34%和24.2%；菌株HG4、HG1、HG6、HG3对污水中NH3-N的降解效果最好,去除率分别为49.53%、47.1%、33.64%和25.63%;菌株HG1、HG4、HG2、HG3对污水中TP的降解效果最好,去除率分别为35.82%、25.3%、22.23%和15.75%。综上所述,实验共从黄河湿水体中分离获得了23株纯化细菌菌株,通过污染物降解能力研究,菌株HG1对CODcr、氨氮、总磷的降解能力最突出,于是对菌株HG1构建系统发育树,最终判断它的分类地位是属于荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)
[Abstract]:Wetland is a link between land and water. It not only has the characteristics of terrestrial ecosystem, but also has the characteristics of aquatic ecosystem. It has many unique characteristics and functions. It can create a good living environment for many different kinds of plants, animals and various kinds of microorganisms in the wetland, and it is also a biological diversity. As the "kidney of the earth", the wetland, as the "kidney of the earth", has an irreplaceable role in the ecological environment. It can not only compensate the local water source, but also show strong flood control and storage, adjust the regional climate, protect the species diversity, maintain the balance of the biological system, fixed the ecological functions of carbon dioxide and so on. It also has the ability to degrade pollutants and purify the water quality. In addition, wetland can produce certain fresh water resources, animal and plant products and mineral resources, not only embodies good economic benefits, but also has certain social benefits, and has great value in landscape and education. Wetland is in the process of completing the water purification function. Mainly through the compound ecosystem of soil, plant and microorganism, the purpose of efficient purification of sewage is achieved by the three heavy coordination of physics, chemistry and biology. The wetland microorganism occupies an extremely important position in this process. It not only bears the role of maintaining the balance of the ecological system, but also the pollutant. In the process of water purification, the various activities of the microorganism are the main channels for the degradation and transformation of organic matter. The abundant microbial quantity and species have brought enough decomposer to the natural, complex and efficient sewage purification system of the wetland. It is found that there are extensive research on wetland microorganisms at home and abroad, but there are significant lack of research in the western region. Because of its special natural and geographical conditions, Ningxia plain has not only created a large number of wetland resources, but also the wetland types are diverse and widely distributed. The the Yellow River wetland in Yinchuan is relatively rare in many wetland resources in Ningxia. The lake wetland, which is less affected by human activities, plays an important role in the ecological service function of the climate, water resources, biodiversity and natural landscape of the Yinchuan plain. It plays an important role in the ecological security maintenance of the Yellow River and the ecological construction of the Yinchuan plain. Methods the water quality and the number of bacteria in the water samples of 7 different regions of the Yellow River wetland in Yinchuan were investigated, sampled and analyzed. The number of bacterial colonies and the spatial and temporal distribution of all kinds of pollutants in the A area of the Yellow River wetland were preliminarily understood. The species composition of the the Yellow River wetland bacteria in Yinchuan, Yinchuan, was determined by the mature molecular biology method. The simulated artificial wetland was used to simulate the sewage of the sewage. After measuring the decontamination ability of 6 strains, two strains with good degradation efficiency were screened out. The biological and biochemical identification of the two strains of bacteria was carried out by the traditional microbial identification method. The phylogenetic tree of one of the bacteria was constructed and its biological status was determined. The experimental study not only promoted the depth of the research on the functional bacteria of the wetland in Yinchuan plain and Ningxia, but also promoted the water environment treatment ability of the wetland, and made full use of the wet water. The ecological service function of the land resources provides technical support for the protection and effective utilization of wetland resources and lays a theoretical foundation for the efficient recycling of water resources in Yinchuan plain. (1) there is a definite change in the distribution of pollutants in the water body of Yinchuan the Yellow River wetland in different periods, and the difference is great. The index is relatively high, exceeding the average of the comprehensive pollution index of the whole year; the comprehensive pollution index in summer is lower than that in spring, but it is also beyond the average of the comprehensive pollution index of the whole year. The comprehensive pollution index in autumn is relatively low, and there is a fluctuation between the points in the winter season. Very significant, so the comprehensive pollution index is not very significant. As a whole, the water quality is relatively poor in spring, followed by summer. In addition, the average number of bacterial colonies in the sampling point is dynamic in four seasons, showing the general trend of summer and autumn spring and winter. (2) spring and autumn, the number of bacteria and the removal rate of pollutants and pollution. The concentration of the dye was not related: in summer, the concentration of biochemical oxygen demand was negatively correlated with the number of bacteria (P0.05, r=-0.844). In winter, the removal rate of organic matter was positively related to the number of bacteria (P0.05, r=0.863). (3) after the cultivation and purification of bacteria in Yinchuan the Yellow River wetland, 73 purified cultures were obtained, through 16srDNA After sequencing, compared with the NCBI database, 7 genera and 23 bacteria were isolated, including 9 strains of Bacillus (Bacillus), 5 Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), 3 Acinetobacter (Acinetobacter), 3 strains of Aeromonas (Aeromonas), 1 strains of Planomicrobium, 1 of Shewanella, and Stenotrophomo (Stenotrophomo). NAS) 1 strains. (4) through the domestication and culture of 23 strains of bacteria after separation and purification, the growth of 6 strains of bacteria is relatively good, and the degradation ability of the 6 strains of bacteria is further studied. In the 60H of the sewage, the concentration changes of the pollutants are basically different, and the difference of the strains to the pollutants is reduced. The ability of the solution is different, and the ability of the same strains to different pollutants is also different. Strain HG1, HG5, HG4, HG2 have the best degradation effect of CODcr in sewage, and the removal rates are 49.06%, 35.45%, 31.34% and 24.2% respectively. Strain HG4, HG1, HG6, HG3 are best for the degradation of NH3-N in sewage, and the removal rates are 49.53%, 47.1%, 33.64% and 25.63%, respectively. HG1, HG4, HG2, HG3 have the best degradation effect on TP in sewage, and the removal rates are 35.82%, 25.3%, 22.23% and 15.75%. respectively. The experiment has obtained 23 strains of purified bacterial strains isolated from the wet water body of the Yellow River, and the degradation ability of the strain HG1 to CODcr, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus is the most prominent. The final development of the tree was judged to be Pseudomonas fluorescens.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X172;X703

【参考文献】