土工格室护岸冲刷试验及其在小河流中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-18 05:44

本文选题：土工格室 + 生态护坡　；参考：《南昌工程学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界科学技术的进步与经济发展,全球的环境问题将变得越来越严峻。近些年来,我国用于高速公路、河道、铁路以及山区高等级公路的工程项目如雨后春笋般大量涌现,这促使人工边坡工程大量的出现。然而,这些边坡大多数都存在水土流失、冲刷侵蚀以及浅层的局部滑坡等情况。如果对这些边坡不加以处理的话,轻者会造成生态环境的失衡,严重的时候,甚至可能会造成泥石流以及山体滑坡,这无疑将会对人民的财产甚至是生命带来巨大的伤害。边坡生态系统一旦遭到破坏,其在三、五年内甚至可能是更长的时间内都不能复原。因此,怎么样能够快速地恢复边坡的生态环境以及达到坡面植被保护的目的,这是目前迫切需要研究并解决的难题。河道传统护坡型式如:干砌石护坡、浆砌石护坡以及喷混凝土护坡等。这些传统护坡型式虽然护坡性较好,但是其会对生态环境造成破坏,使生态失去平衡。传统护坡型式甚至会使河流及两岸自我调节以及净化的能力大大削弱。由此,一种新型的护坡型式应运而生一一生态护坡。生态护坡主要是由工程措施和植被保护相结合的一种护坡型式。它可以有效地提高岸坡景观,创造一个绿色的生态环境,以达到护坡与绿化完美的结合。土工格室植草护坡作为生态护坡技术的一种,近几年来,发展十分的迅速。土工格室植草护坡不只是能够减缓水土流失,而且能够改善生态环境,其固土性能优良、消能作用明显。探其缘由是因为土工格室护坡是一种与植被相结合的新型护坡型式。土工格室护坡不但能够减少雨水溅蚀以及坡面径流与河道水流的冲刷,植物的根系还具有排水的作用、加筋以及锚固土体的功效;从其他角度来看,土工格室护坡还可以绿化边坡,有助于修复边坡的生态环境。土工格室护坡目前在铁路、公路等建设项目中得到了越来越普遍的应用。土工格室生态护坡应用于小河流当中不但能够美化环境,降低污染,并降低工程造价,同时也可以有效的起到加固河岸的作用。本文通过人工模拟降雨试验以及现场护岸河流冲刷试验来分析土工格室的性能。并对土工格室护岸保土抗冲刷性能进行研究分析得到以下结论:依据在工程中常用的三种坡比进行人工降雨模拟实验,得到在50mm/h雨强下土工格室护岸的临界坡比介于1:1.5到1:2.5之间的结论。土工格室护坡具有较好的保土抗冲刷性,在施工条件一定的情况下,土工格室框格越小其保土性能越好。土工格室护岸随着其坡面位置下降,其受河流冲刷的可能性越大;其受河流冲刷的频率越大、时间越长,其土体越容易损失。其土工格室护岸植被形成后,植被覆盖度越好,其保土抗冲刷性越好。研究成果被应用于黎川示范区小河流护坡中。通过实际工程中的应用,观察土工格室护岸的实际情况,并结合理论与试验得出结论:土工格室生态护岸能够应用用小河流当中。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology and economic development in the world, the global environmental problems will become more and more serious. In recent years, a large number of projects used in highway, river, railway and high grade highway in mountainous areas have sprung up in our country, which promote the emergence of artificial slope engineering. However, soil erosion, erosion and local landslides occur in most of these slopes. If these slopes are not treated, the lighter will cause the imbalance of the ecological environment. In serious cases, it may even cause mudslides and landslides, which will undoubtedly bring great harm to people's property and even to their lives. Once damaged, slope ecosystems cannot be restored for three, five years or possibly longer. Therefore, how to quickly restore the ecological environment of the slope and achieve the purpose of vegetation protection on the slope is an urgent problem to be studied and solved. Traditional river slope protection types such as dry stone slope protection, masonry slope protection and shotcrete slope protection and so on. Although these traditional slope protection types have good slope protection, they will destroy the ecological environment and make the ecology out of balance. Traditional slope protection may even weaken the ability of rivers and banks to self-regulate and purify. As a result, a new type of slope protection came into being-ecological slope protection. Ecological slope protection is a kind of slope protection combined with engineering measures and vegetation protection. It can effectively improve the slope landscape, create a green ecological environment, in order to achieve a perfect combination of slope protection and greening. As a kind of ecological slope protection technology, the development of geotechnical compartment slope protection is very rapid in recent years. The slope protection not only can reduce soil erosion, but also can improve the ecological environment. The soil consolidation performance is good and the energy dissipation is obvious. The reason is that geoglass slope protection is a new type of slope protection combined with vegetation. GeoCell slope protection can not only reduce Rain Water splashing and erosion of slope runoff and river flow, but also has the function of drainage, reinforcement and anchoring of soil; from other angles, the plant root system also has the function of draining, reinforcing and anchoring soil. Geotechnical compartment slope protection can also greening the slope, which is helpful to repair the ecological environment of the slope. Geotechnical compartment slope protection is more and more widely used in railway, highway and other construction projects. The application of geogrid ecological slope protection in small rivers can not only beautify the environment, reduce pollution, and reduce the project cost, but also play an effective role in strengthening the river banks. In this paper, the performance of geogrid chamber is analyzed by artificial rainfall simulation test and river scour test. The following conclusions are obtained: according to the three kinds of slope ratios commonly used in engineering, artificial rainfall simulation experiments are carried out. It is concluded that the critical slope ratio of geotechnical compartment revetment under 50mm/h rain intensity is between 1: 1.5 and 1: 2.5. The slope protection of geogroups has better soil protection and erosion resistance. Under certain construction conditions, the smaller the space frame is, the better the soil conservation performance is. With the decrease of the slope position of the geotechnical compartment, the more likely it is to be scoured by the river, and the more the frequency and time of the river scour, the more easily the soil can be lost. After the formation of revetment vegetation, the better the vegetation coverage, the better the soil erosion resistance. The research results are applied to slope protection of small rivers in Lichuan demonstration area. Through the application of practical engineering, the actual situation of geotechnical compartment bank protection is observed, and combined with theory and experiment, it is concluded that geoglass ecological bank revetment can be used in small rivers.
【学位授予单位】：南昌工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV861

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