基于遥感和GIS的贵州省黔西县景观格局演变研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 02:11

本文选题：景观格局 + 景观指数　；参考：《成都理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：景观格局受自然因素和社会、经济、人口等因素的影响,能够直观地反映一个地区的社会经济发展情况,具有较为明显的地域性与综合性。景观格局变化是引起全球生态环境变化的主要原因之一,因此,景观格局的演变研究已经成为国内外当前的研究热点。现有阶段景观格局的研究重点主要集中在在景观类型分类、动态监测以及环境影响评价等方面,对引起变化的驱动因子和空间演变模拟预测的研究也正在展开。3S技术在这一方面的应用还处于探索阶段,特别是针对县域尺度的研究还较少,因此这也是本文尝试探索研究的重点内容之一。本文选取土地利用变化明显的贵州省黔西县作为研究对象,对其景观格局的时空关系以及驱动因子进行系统研究,旨在发掘黔西县景观的特征和价值,探讨景观格局演变轨迹,为黔西县城乡统筹发展、土地集约利、城镇体系规划、城镇空间整合等方面提供一定的参考依据。文章基于多源遥感,利用GIS技术建立了研究区1995年、2001年、2007年和2013年景观格局现状的空间数据库,结合GIS强大的分析功能,选择景观格局分析软件Fragstats和CA-Markov模型,对研究区的景观格局、空间动态变化以及演变趋势进行了分析。研究结果如下:(1)在类型水平方面,研究区的景观格局在1995年至2013年期间变化较大,尤其是耕地、建设用地和水体面积变化显著。引起格局变化的原因除了自然因素外,还包括人口因素、经济因素、工业化和城镇化,以及政策因素等;(2)在景观水平方面,虽然研究区内各景观类型的比例发生变化,但没有因为变化而导致某一类型的缺失,维持了较好的多样性;(3)在预测模拟方面,利用2007年和2013年景观转移矩阵和适宜性图集,模拟预测了2019年黔西县的景观格局,模拟发现,研究区城镇建设用地今后将朝南向发展,耕地面积减少,林地和草地面积将增多。
[Abstract]:The landscape pattern, influenced by natural factors and social, economic and demographic factors, can directly reflect the social and economic development of a region, which has more obvious regionalism and comprehensiveness. The change of landscape pattern is one of the main reasons for the change of the global ecological environment. Therefore, the study of landscape pattern evolution has become a domestic one. The focus of the current research on landscape pattern is mainly focused on the classification of landscape types, dynamic monitoring and environmental impact assessment. The research on the driving factors causing change and the simulation prediction of spatial evolution is also being carried out in the exploration stage of the application of.3S technology in this aspect, especially for the purpose of the research. The study of county scale is still less, so this is one of the key contents of this article. This paper selects Qianxi County, Guizhou Province, which has obvious change in land use change as the research object, and systematically studies the spatio-temporal relationship and driving factors of its landscape pattern, aiming at exploring the features and values of the landscape of Qianxi county and exploring the landscape grid. The evolution path of the bureau provides a certain reference for the overall development of urban and rural areas in Qianxi County, the land collection, the urban system planning and the urban space integration. Based on the multi source remote sensing, the paper uses the GIS technology to establish the spatial database of the landscape pattern in 1995, 2001, 2007 and 2013, combining with the powerful analysis function of the GIS. Landscape pattern analysis software Fragstats and CA-Markov model are selected to analyze the landscape pattern, spatial dynamic change and evolution trend of the study area. The results are as follows: (1) in the type level, the landscape pattern of the study area varies greatly from 1995 to 2013, especially in cultivated land, and the area of construction land and water body changes significantly. In addition to natural factors, the changes in the pattern include population factors, economic factors, industrialization and urbanization, and policy factors, etc. (2) in the landscape level, although the proportion of the landscape types in the study area has changed, it does not lead to a certain type of loss because of the change; (3) it is in advance. In the field of measurement and simulation, the landscape pattern of Qianxi County in 2019 was simulated and predicted by using the landscape transfer matrix in 2007 and 2013 and the suitability atlas. The simulation found that the urban construction land in the study area will develop southward in the future, the area of cultivated land is reduced, and the area of woodland and grassland will increase.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P901;P237;P208

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