山地城市公园规划设计的生态学方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 02:28

本文选题：山地城市公园 + 生态学方法　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国西南地区山地资源丰富,但是随着经济建设的快速发展,人们对山地资源的不合理开发、利用导致山地生态环境恶化、经济效益不佳,使得这些山地水土流失严重、生态环境问题突出。山地城市公园复杂的地形地貌,特殊的地质条件及丰富的植被使得山地城市公园相比平地公园有更加多样性的空间、丰富的环境景观和多变的视觉景观。但山地城市公园一般生境异质性高、生态环境敏感脆弱、地质不稳定,容易出现土壤侵蚀、水土流失、植被破坏以及滑坡坍塌等生态问题。山地独特的地理特征决定了山地城市公园无法按照平原地区公园的空间布局模式布局,且传统的公园规划设计理论主要强调使用功能和视觉美学,无法解决山地城市公园存在的生态问题。虽然目前国内外在山地城市公园和生态学之间已经在理论和实践领域产生了相互的联动,然而,两者之间的联系仍然处于相对零散的局面,缺乏系统性的联系纽带。因此,进行山地城市公园规划设计的生态学方法研究,建构一个系统的山地城市公园规划设计的生态学方法框架具有十分重要的意义。基于以上背景,本文选取西南地区典型的山地城市公园作为研究对象,通过查阅整理相关文献资料,结合实地调研,在传统公园规划设计理论的基础上,融合与山地城市公园规划设计相关的生态学理论,分析与山地城市公园生态问题相关的生态要素的类型和特征、保护与利用方式及其与山地城市公园空间布局的相互关系;通过垂直和水平生态过程两方面来探讨山地城市公园空间格局规划的生态学方法,应用生态敏感性、生态适宜性的分析方法,对相关影响因子进行单因子分析及叠加综合分析,兼顾山地城市公园水平方向上的景观格局优化;再结合传统公园规划设计的使用功能、视觉景观要求对分析结果进行综合辩护分析,建构一个山地城市公园规划设计的生态学方法框架,进一步完善山地城市公园规划设计理论体系,用于指导已建公园的改造和新建山地城市公园的规划设计。本文具体的研究内容主要包括以下三个部分:第一部分:山地城市公园生态要素的分析方法研究。通过分析山地城市公园规划设计的各生态要素的类型与特征,分析其与山地城市公园空间布局的相互影响关系,并提出对应的保护与利用方式。①地形地貌是形成山地结构和功能,以及导致各种生态现象和生态过程发生变化的最根本的因素。本文归纳总结了山地城市公园不同的地形地貌类型及特征;从生态角度探讨了地形地貌对公园总体空间布局的限制与影响以及不同地形空间类型的合理利用;且归纳总结了基于地形因子的地形地貌改造与利用方式,使山地城市公园与自然地形地貌有机契合,满足生态学规划设计方法的基本要求。②植被是影响山地城市公园景观生态格局、维护其生态系统稳定的关键性生态要素。植物与环境相互影响、相互适应、相互作用,共同构成山地城市公园的生态与景观本底。本文首先在归纳总结山地城市公园植被类型及特征的基础上,通过分析常规公园植被规划布局方法的局限提出基于生态观的植被规划布局原则;其次,运用生态学相关理论,提出了对原生植被的保护与利用方式;最后从满足植被生态功能的角度以及与自然生境条件相适宜两方面探讨了如何进行山地城市公园植被类型的空间规划布局。从而得出一种山地城市公园植被规划布局的生态学方法及步骤。③水系是山地城市公园中重要的生态要素之一,对山地城市公园生态环境的保护和总体景观效果的营造具有极其重要的作用。在以往的山地城市公园建设中,对于山地城市公园水系景观的系统生态研究较少。因此,本文在山地城市公园水景现状生态问题研究的基础上,通过对山地城市公园的调研分析以及结合其他资料的收集与整理,从水景的选址、形态、尺度大小及深度等方面提出了山地城市公园水景生态规划设计的途径与方法;其次提出了了以植被的保护和恢复为核心的山地城市公园水源地的保护策略与途径;最后提出了山地城市公园中控制污染源、合理布局滨水游憩设施及场地的水质保持途径与方法。第二部分:山地城市公园空间格局规划的生态学分析方法研究。提出山地城市公园空间格局规划的基本原则方法;在基于垂直生态过程分析的基础上,提取影响其空间格局的主要生态因子、土地利用现状,结合重庆鸿恩寺森林公园规划实例,应用生态敏感性、生态适宜性等生态学分析方法对山地城市公园的生态敏感性、建筑场地及林地的适宜性进行分析与评价;同时,应用理想景观格局模式、水平扩散分析理论对山地城市公园的总体规划布局进行了基于水平生态过程分析的景观格局优化途径的探讨。最后,对上述垂直和水平生态过程方向的分析与评价结果进行叠加综合分析,提出山地城市公园规划设计的空间布局策略的生态学途径和方法。第三部分:山地城市公园规划设计的生态学方法框架的构建。基于对山地城市公园生态要素的分析方法与空间格局规划的生态学分析方法研究,结合传统公园规划设计程序以及使用功能、视觉景观需求对上述分析与评价结果进行融合协调,提出山地城市公园规划设计的生态学方法步骤,建构了一个系统完整的山地城市公园规划设计的生态学方法框架。即通过将山地城市公园规划设计的生态学方法与传统规划设计方法进行对比研究,提出生态学方法的特点及优势。在此基础上挖掘了山地城市公园规划设计与生态学之间的内涵联系,分析总结了山地城市设计中的生态要素特征与公园物质空间要素之间的相关联系。通过对山地城市公园所存在的不足,即设计观念不足、设计脱离自然、自身安全格局不够健全、山地城市公园建设所缺乏的文化内涵等问题一一做出了解决方案。首先运用哲学的观念来转变以往我们对山地城市公园的设计理念,反对人类中心主义注重生态的建设和保护,第二从宏观、中观、微观的层面提出规划设计策略,以及所需要运用的技术手段。第三提出山地城市公园景观生态规划的方法和步骤,最后整理出山地城市公园景观生态规划的理论框架。总结,本文试图以“生态——空间格局”为核心的新视角提出山地城市公园规划设计的生态学方法框架。通过对生态学理论和山地城市公园规划设计理论两者之间交叉理论的探索,从规划设计角度寻求解决山地城市公园生态问题的策略与方法;旨在建构了一个系统的山地城市公园规划设计的生态学方法框架,完善和补充山地城市公园的规划设计理论体系。本论文研究的最终目标,就是把生态学和景观生态学的相关理论融合到山地城市公园规划设计中。
[Abstract]:The mountainous resources in the southwest of China are rich, but with the rapid development of economic construction, the irrational exploitation of mountain resources by people leads to the deterioration of the ecological environment and the poor economic benefits, which makes the mountain and soil erosion serious and the ecological environment is outstanding. Rich vegetation makes mountain urban parks have more diversity of space, rich environmental landscape and changeable visual landscape than flat parks. But mountain urban parks have high heterogeneity, fragile ecological environment, unstable geology, and ecological questions such as soil erosion, soil erosion, vegetation destruction and landslide collapse. The unique geographical features of the mountain area determine that the mountain urban parks can not be arranged according to the spatial layout pattern of the parks in the plain area, and the traditional park planning and design theory mainly emphasizes the use of function and visual aesthetics, which can not solve the ecological problems of the mountain urban parks. Although the mountain urban parks and ecology are at home and abroad at present, the mountain urban parks and ecology are at home and abroad. There has been a mutual linkage between theory and practice. However, the relationship between the two is still in a relatively scattered situation and lacks a systematic link. Therefore, the ecological method of planning and design of mountain urban parks is carried out and an ecological framework for the planning and design of mountain urban parks is constructed. It is of great significance. Based on the above background, this paper selects the typical mountain city park in Southwest China as the research object. Through consulting and sorting out the relevant documents, combining with the field investigation and research, the ecological theory related to the planning and design of the mountain city public garden is integrated on the basis of the traditional park planning and design theory, and the analysis and the mountain area are analyzed. The types and characteristics of ecological factors related to ecological problems in urban parks, the relationship between protection and utilization and the spatial distribution of urban parks in mountain cities, and the ecological methods for the planning of the spatial pattern of mountain urban parks through two aspects of vertical and horizontal ecological processes, should be used to analyze the ecological sensitivity and ecological suitability. The single factor analysis and superposition comprehensive analysis of the related factors are carried out, and the landscape pattern optimization in the horizontal direction of the mountain city park is taken into consideration. The use function of the traditional park planning and design is combined, and the visual landscape demands the comprehensive defense analysis of the analysis results, and the ecological method framework of the planning and design of the mountain city park is constructed. Further perfect the theory system of the planning and design of the mountain city park to guide the reconstruction of the built Park and the planning and design of the new mountain city park. The main contents of this paper mainly include the following three parts: the first part: the analysis of the ecological elements of the mountain city park. The types and characteristics of various ecological elements are analyzed, and the interaction relationship with the spatial layout of mountain urban parks is analyzed, and the corresponding protection and utilization methods are put forward. (1) topographic and landform is the most fundamental factor in the formation of mountain structure and function, as well as the changes of various ecological phenomena and ecological processes. The types and features of different terrain and geomorphology are discussed in the park. From the ecological point of view, the limitation and influence of terrain and geomorphology on the overall spatial distribution of the park and the rational use of different types of topographic space are discussed, and the transformation and utilization of topographic Landforms Based on topographic factors are summarized, and the urban park and the natural topography and landforms are organically fit together. To meet the basic requirements of the ecological planning and design method. (2) vegetation is the key ecological factor affecting the landscape ecological pattern of the mountain city park and maintaining the stability of the ecological system. The plant and the environment interact, adapt and interact, together form the biological and landscape background of the mountain city park. This paper first summarizes the mountain area. On the basis of the vegetation types and characteristics of urban parks, the principle of vegetation planning and layout based on the ecological view is put forward by analyzing the limitations of the vegetation planning and layout methods in conventional parks. Secondly, the protection and utilization of primary vegetation is put forward by using the theory of ecology, and the ecological function of vegetation and natural habitats are finally met. The space planning and layout of the vegetation types in the mountain city park is discussed in two aspects. The ecological methods and steps of the layout of the vegetation planning in the mountain city park are obtained. 3. The water system is one of the important ecological elements in the mountain city park, and the protection and overall landscape of the ecological environment of the mountain city park. The construction of the effect is very important. In the construction of the former mountain city park, there are few studies on the system ecology of the water system landscape in the mountain city park. Therefore, on the basis of the research on the current ecological problems of the water landscape in the mountain city park, this article through the investigation and analysis of the public garden of the mountain city and the collection of the other data. In this paper, the ways and methods of the ecological planning and design of the waterscape of the mountain city park are put forward from the location, the shape, the size and the depth of the waterscape. Secondly, the protection strategy and the way of the water source area in the mountain city park are put forward, and the pollution source in the mountain city park is put forward. The second part: the ecological analysis method of the spatial pattern planning of the mountain city park. The basic principle and method of the planning of the spatial pattern of the mountain city park are put forward. On the basis of the vertical ecological process analysis, the main students that affect the spatial pattern of the urban park are extracted. State factors, land use status, combined with the planning examples of Forest Park in Hong En temple in Chongqing, the ecological sensitivity and ecological suitability of ecological sensitivity, ecological suitability and so on, are applied to the analysis and evaluation of the ecological sensitivity of the mountain urban parks, the suitability of the building sites and woodlands. The overall planning and layout of the urban park is discussed based on the analysis of the horizontal ecological process. Finally, the analysis and evaluation results of the above vertical and horizontal ecological processes are superimposed and comprehensive analysis, and the ecological approaches and methods of the spatial layout strategy of the planning and design of the mountain urban parks are put forward. The three part: the construction of the ecological method frame of the planning and design of the mountain city park. Based on the ecological analysis method of the analysis method and the spatial pattern planning of the ecological elements of the mountain city park, combined with the traditional park planning and design procedure and the use function, the visual landscape demand is combined with the results of the analysis and evaluation. The ecological methods and steps of the planning and design of mountain urban parks are put forward, and a systematic and integrated ecological method framework for the planning and design of mountain urban parks is constructed. The characteristics and advantages of the ecological methods are put forward by comparing the ecological methods of the planning and design of the mountain urban parks with the traditional planning and design methods. On this basis, the intension relation between the planning and the ecology of the mountain city park is excavated, and the relationship between the characteristics of the ecological elements in the design of the mountain city and the material space elements of the park is analyzed and summed up. We have made a solution to the problems of the cultural connotation, such as the lack of the construction of the mountain city park. First, we use the philosophy concept to change the design concept of the mountain city park in the past, oppose the anthropocentrism and pay attention to the ecological construction and protection. Second the planning and design strategies are put forward from the macro, middle and micro level. And the technical means to be used. Third the methods and steps of the landscape ecological planning of the mountain city park are put forward. Finally, the theoretical framework of the landscape ecological planning of the mountain city park is finished. The paper tries to put forward the ecological method of the planning and design of the mountain urban park with the new perspective of "ecological space pattern" as the core. Through the exploration of the cross theory between the ecological theory and the planning and design theory of the mountain city park, the strategy and method of solving the ecological problems of the mountain urban park are sought from the point of view of the planning and design, and a systematic ecological framework for the planning and design of the mountain urban Park is designed to improve and supplement the mountain city. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to integrate the theory of ecology and landscape ecology into the planning and design of mountain urban parks.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986.2

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