志丹县土地整治项目的生态安全评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 19:15

本文选题：土地生态 + 生态安全评价　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：生态系统是地球的生命维持系统,是人类生产和发展的物质基础和前提。长期以来,人类为追求经济高速发展,不惜过度开发利用自然资源,导致生态失衡和环境污染等全球生态问题日益凸显,生态安全受到严重的挑战。土地整治作为我国的重要战略起到了重要作用。但是土地整治的目标重视社会效益和经济效益,缺乏对生态效益的考虑,忽视了土地资源生态保护的重要性。通过对土地整治项目的生态安全研究,可以有效的从源头扼制项目实施所导致的环境污染与生态破坏问题,有利于提高土地整治工作的科学性;有利于完善土地整治项目生态安全评价的理论与方法体系,为今后土地整治项目生态安全研究工作的开展提供一定的参考与借鉴。本文以志丹县的土地整治项目为研究对象,分乡镇分项目类型划分了评价单元,对其进行生态安全研究。首先从生态系统服务价值和景观生态安全两个角度对志丹县土地整治项目进行评价;然后基于PSR模型,构建生态安全评价指标体系,选取了包括生态服务功能价值增加量和景观生态安全指数在内的16个指标,结合变异系数法和层次分析法综合确定权重,对志丹县土地整治项目的生态安全进行了定量评价,并划分了各乡镇各项目类型的生态安全状态;最后根据生态安全评价的结果进行志丹县土地整治项目的生态安全综合分析并提出建议。研究表明:(1)土地整治前项目区域的生态服务价值总量为2333.41万元,预计整治后项目区域的生态服务价值总量为5726.94万元,比整治前增加了3393.54万元。(2)土地整治项目总体的景观生态安全指数为0.5022,景观生态安全度不高。(3)志丹县土地整治项目的生态安全综合指数介于0.35~0.65之间,水平较低。生态安全状态为“安全”的评价分区有6个,主要分布在志丹县的东部和东南部;“较安全”的有9个分区,主要分布在志丹县的东北和西南的广大区域;“不安全”的有3个,主要分布在志丹县的西北部。(4)土地整治实施过程中应保持土地整治项目区的生态多样性及景观生态安全等;重视经济发展过程中产生的污染问题及对生态环境造成的压力;积极采取生态环境保护措施,加大生态建设投资。
[Abstract]:Ecosystem is the life support system of the earth and the material foundation and premise of human production and development. For a long time, in order to pursue rapid economic development, human beings have been willing to over-exploit and utilize natural resources, leading to global ecological problems such as ecological imbalance and environmental pollution, and ecological security has been seriously challenged. Land regulation as an important strategy of our country has played an important role. However, the goal of land regulation attaches importance to social and economic benefits, and lacks consideration of ecological benefits, neglecting the importance of ecological protection of land resources. Through the study of ecological security of land regulation projects, the problems of environmental pollution and ecological destruction caused by the implementation of the projects can be effectively curbed from the source, which is conducive to improving the scientific nature of land renovation work; It is propitious to perfect the theory and method system of ecological security evaluation of land renovation project, and to provide some reference for the future research work of ecological security of land renovation project. In this paper, the land regulation project in Zhidan County is taken as the research object, and the evaluation unit is divided into villages and towns, and the ecological security is studied. Firstly, the paper evaluates the land regulation project in Zhidan County from the view of ecosystem service value and landscape ecological security, and then constructs the ecological security evaluation index system based on PSR model. Sixteen indexes, including the value added of ecological service function and the ecological security index of landscape, were selected to evaluate the ecological security of the land regulation project in Zhidan county by means of coefficient of variation and analytic hierarchy process. Finally according to the results of ecological security evaluation the ecological security of the land regulation project in Zhidan county is analyzed and some suggestions are put forward. The study shows that the total ecological service value of the project area before land renovation is 23.3341 million yuan, and the total ecological service value of the project area after the renovation is estimated to be 57.2694 million yuan. The total landscape ecological security index of the land regulation project is 0.5022, and the landscape ecological security degree is not high. 3) the comprehensive ecological security index of the land regulation project in Zhidan County is between 0.35 and 0.65, and the level is lower. There are 6 assessment zones with "safe" status, mainly in the east and southeast of Zhidan County, 9 "safer" areas, mainly in the northeast and southwest of Zhidan County. There are three "unsafe", mainly distributed in the northwest of Zhidan County. (4) during the process of land regulation implementation, the ecological diversity and landscape ecological security of the land regulation project area should be maintained. Pay attention to the problem of pollution and the pressure on the ecological environment in the process of economic development, take the measures of protecting the ecological environment actively and increase the investment in ecological construction.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826;F301.2

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