16世纪朝鲜文人赵宪的《朝天日记》和《东还封事》中的明朝人物形象研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 03:28

本文选题：赵宪 + 《朝天日记》　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《朝天日记》和《东还封事》是16世纪朝鲜宣祖时期著名的文臣、义兵将领赵宪所作,创作于赵宪出使明朝前后的1574年。《朝天日记》是赵宪使行过程中留下的使行日记,与此前大量描写明朝自然、人文景观的使行记录不同,赵宪对明朝的政治、军事和民生等社会现实展现了浓厚的兴趣,描写了皇帝、文官、将领和百姓等多个阶层的明朝人物形象,为比较文学形象学下研究异国人物形象提供了丰富的素材。《东还封事》是赵宪使行归国后向朝鲜国王宣祖呈上的上疏文,其中也不乏对明朝人物形象的描写。值得注意的是,《朝天日记》和《东还封事》均为赵宪所作,创作时间也在同一年,两部作品中塑造的明朝人物形象却有异有同。论文以《朝天日记》和《东还封事》里的明朝人物形象为研究对象,结合比较文学形象学和新历史主义批评的研究方法,考察并比较两部作品中的明朝人物形象,阐释了其产生的原因。《朝天日记》和《东还封事》表现了基本一致的皇帝形象和将领形象,即都展现了勤勉贤明的皇帝形象和正直出色的将领形象。赵宪在使行期间的见闻,使他对万历皇帝和戚继光等将领产生了特殊的个人体验,同时作为士林派的重要一员,赵宪对君主个人修养的提高和军事改革抱有期待,加上朝鲜对明朝的社会集体想象作用,使他在《朝天日记》和《东还封事》中塑造了完美的皇帝和将领形象。《朝天日记》和《东还封事》中表现了完全不同的文官形象和百姓形象。《朝天日记》里的文官贪婪无礼、腐败成风、祸害百姓,《东还封事》里的文官则谦和有礼、秉公守法、爱护百姓;《朝天日记》里的百姓生活困苦、遭受战乱之灾,《东还封事》里的百姓则完全过着安居乐业、文明和谐的生活。造成这种形象差异的原因是复杂的:首先,赵宪的文官和性理学者身份,使他观察明朝文官的标准十分严格,习惯以学问、礼仪和善政来衡量。使行过程中他目睹了官员的腐败,尤其是对朝鲜使臣的索取和对明朝百姓的压榨,受到不小冲击,他在《朝天日记》里对此进行了辛辣的批判;同时,他目睹百姓生活困苦,听说战乱之后的惨状,在《朝天日记》里展现了艰难的民生图景。而《东还封事》里的明朝并不完全是实际的明朝,近似于儒学理念下赵宪等性理学者向往的"乌托邦",赵宪构筑了自己理想中的明朝:官员忠君爱民、秉公守法,百姓安居乐业、文明守礼,这既符合朝鲜对明朝的社会集体想象,也有助于赵宪说服宣祖、推行改革。总地来说,《朝天日记》里包含了作者更多的个人体验,体现了赵宪的批判性现实认识;《东还封事》里包含了更多朝鲜对明朝的社会集体想象,体现了赵宪的理想主义倾向和强烈的改革意愿。因此,《朝天日记》和《东还封事》里产生了或相同或相异的明朝人物形象。
[Abstract]:The Diaries of Chaotian and Donghe are famous ministers in the 16th century Korean Xuanzu period. Zhao Xian, the general of the army, wrote them in 1574 around the Ming Dynasty. "the Diary of Chaotian" is a diary left by Zhao Xianzheng during the course of his trip. Different from the extensive description of the nature and human landscape of the Ming Dynasty before, Zhao Xian showed great interest in the social realities of the Ming Dynasty, such as politics, military affairs and people's livelihood, describing the emperor and civil servants. The figures of the Ming Dynasty, including generals and the common people, provided rich materials for studying the images of foreign characters in comparative literature. Among them, there is no lack of the portrayal of the characters of the Ming Dynasty. It is worth noting that both Chaotian Diary and Dong Huanbao were written by Zhao Xian and created in the same year, but the figures of the Ming Dynasty created in the two works are different and similar. This paper takes the characters of Ming Dynasty in the Diary of Aotian and Donghuanfeng as the research objects, and combines the research methods of comparative literature imageology and new historicism criticism to investigate and compare the characters of the Ming Dynasty in the two works. This paper explains the reasons for its emergence. The Diaries of Aotian and Dongjian show the same image of emperors and generals, that is to say, they both show the image of diligent and wise emperors and the images of upright and outstanding generals. Zhao Xian's experience during his tour made him have a special personal experience for the generals such as Emperor Wanli and Qi Jiguang. As an important member of the Shi-lin School, Zhao Xian expected the monarch's personal accomplishment and military reform. Plus the role of the DPRK in the social collective imagination of the Ming Dynasty, He created the perfect image of emperors and generals in the Diaries of Aurora and Dongjian. In the Diaries of Asahi and Dongjian, he showed a completely different image of the civil servants and the people. The civil servants in the Diary of Aurora were greedy and rude. Corruption is prevalent and harms the people. The civil servants in the "East return the matter" are courteous, just and law-abiding, and love the people; the people in the "Diary of Aotian" live in distress and suffer the scourge of war, while the people in the "East return" are completely living in peace and contentment. A civilized and harmonious life. The reasons for this image difference are complicated: first, Zhao Xian's civil and sexual identity makes him observe the Ming Dynasty civil servants very strict standards, used to be measured by knowledge, etiquette and good governance. In the course of the trip, he witnessed official corruption, especially the demands on Korean envoys and the oppression of the people of the Ming Dynasty, which he criticized bitterly in the Diary of Aotian; at the same time, he witnessed the people living in distress. Heard of the tragic situation after the war, in the Diary of Aurora showed a difficult picture of people's livelihood. However, the Ming Dynasty in "Donghe Feng Shi" is not entirely the actual Ming Dynasty. It is similar to the "utopia" that the scholars of sexual science such as Zhao Xian yearned for under the Confucian philosophy. Zhao Xian built his ideal Ming Dynasty: officials loyal to the monarch, loving the people, and abiding by the law impartially. The common people lived and worked in peace and contentment, which not only accord with the social collective imagination of the Ming Dynasty, but also help Zhao Xian to persuade Xuanzu to carry out the reform. In general, the Diary of Aotian contains more personal experiences of the author and reflects the critical reality of Cho Hsien's understanding of reality; "Donghe Feng Shi" contains more social collective imagination of the Ming Dynasty from North Korea. Reflected Zhao Xian's idealism tendency and the strong reform will. Therefore, the diaries of Aotian and Donghuanbao produced the same or different characters of Ming Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I312.06

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