东北区县域土地利用景观格局演变及驱动机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 02:56

本文选题：土地利用景观格局 + 东北区县域　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地利用景观格局演变客观地记录了人类改变地球表面特征的空间格局,而且还再现了地球表面景观的时空动态变化过程,它受众多不确定因素的影响。本研究以东北区典型县域黑龙江省巴彦县为研究区,以1976-2011年间8期遥感影像为数据源像,基于景观生态学理论,运用景观指数法,分析研究区基于景观水平的土地利用景观格局演变特征,在RS、GIS技术支持下,运用空间统计分析和转移矩阵分析方法,分析研究区基于景观类型水平的土地利用景观格局演变特征。在分析研究区土地利用景观格局演变特征基础上,运用GA-BP因子降维模型,筛选和甄别土地利用景观格局演变的驱动因子,运用通径分析法阐明单一驱动因子和复合因子对土地利用景观格局演变的作用机理。研究结果表明:(1)1976-2011年间,研究区土地利用景观类型发生显著变化,主要表现为旱地面积大幅度增加,其变化主要是由其他用地和建设用地的减少所导致的;林地面积明显增多,主要由旱地转入;牧草地面积减少,其转出主要为旱地、建设用地和其他用地;建设用地、其他用地、水域和园地面积逐渐减少,水田面积增多。(2)1976-2011年间,研究区景观破碎化程度下降,由多种要素密集的格局逐渐转变为优势斑块连续性较好的状态,土地利用景观格局分布的集散程度呈现出“集中-分散-集中”的变化特征,优势景观类型的比重增加,单一组分对景观的控制作用增强,各景观类型所占比例差异增大,景观异质性降低,土地利用景观格局整体稳定性呈“稳定-不稳定-稳定”的复合稳定性特征,景观斑块的形状有所简化,人类活动对该区域的影响小幅度增加,差别不大,土地利用景观格局形状呈“简化-复杂-简化”的变化特征。(3)1976-2011年间,研究区土地利用景观类型变化最频繁的区域主要集中在研究区南部的富江乡和松花江乡,西部的西集镇和红光乡与东部的洼兴镇。(4)总人口(X1)、非农业人口(X3)、人口密度(X4)、人均GDP(X6)、第一产业增加值(X8)、第二产业增加值(X9)、第三产业增加值(X10)、农业总产值(X11)、农林牧渔业总产值(X14)、农用化肥使用量(X15)、农民人均纯收入(X16)、城乡居民储蓄余额(X19)、农作物总播种面积(X20)、公路里程(X22)、大牲畜年末头数(X23),这15个因子对土地利用景观格局演变的影响极大,是最主要的驱动因子。(5)单一的驱动因子作用与土地利用景观格局演变关系密切,并且各驱动因子的作用强度、大小、和方向不同。研究结果表明,对研究区土地利用景观格局演变的作用强度最大的是农林牧渔业总产值,对研究区土地利用景观格局演变的作用强度最弱的是大牲畜年末头数。其中农林牧渔业总产值、总人口、第三产业增加值、城乡居民储蓄余额、非农业人口、公路里程、第二产业增加值、农作物总播种面积、大牲畜年末头数与土地利用景观格局演变呈现正相关的关系,促进土地利用景观格局的演变;第一产业增加值、农业总产值、农民人均纯收入、人均GDP和人口密度和农用化肥使用量与土地利用景观格局演变呈现负相关的关系,抑制土地利用景观格局的演变。(6)总人口与第一产业增加值、农林牧渔业总产值之间,人均GDP、农业总产值与总人口与第一产业增加值、第三产业增加值、农林牧渔业总产值、城乡居民储蓄余额之间,第一产业增加值、第三产业增加值和农林牧渔业总产值除互相关系密切外,与总人口和城乡居民储蓄余额之间,农用化肥使用量与与总人口、第一产业增加值、农林牧渔业总产值之间,公路里程与总人口、第一产业增加值、农林牧渔业总产值之间,具有密切的相互作用关系,对土地利用景观格局演变的复合作用显著,土地利用景观格局演变的主要作用机理是单一因子与复合因子的共同作用,且各因子间的复合作用强度均高于其单一因子的作用强度,因此,对研究区土地利用景观格局的演变作用机理更加显著是各因子间复合的作用。
[Abstract]:The evolution of the landscape pattern of land use objectively records the spatial pattern of human changes on the surface of the earth, and also reproduces the spatio-temporal dynamic change process of the earth's surface landscape. It is influenced by many uncertain factors. This study takes the Bayan County of Heilongjiang Province, the typical county of Northeast China as the research area, with 8 period remote sensing images of 1976-2011 years as the research area The data source image, based on the landscape ecology theory, uses the landscape index method to analyze the characteristics of the landscape pattern evolution based on the landscape level. Under the support of RS and GIS technology, the spatial statistical analysis and transfer matrix analysis are used to analyze the characteristics of the landscape pattern evolution based on the landscape type level. On the basis of the landscape pattern evolution characteristics of land use in the study area, using the GA-BP factor reduction model, screening and screening the driving factors of the landscape pattern evolution of land use, using the path analysis method to clarify the mechanism of the single driving factor and compound factor on the landscape pattern evolution of land use. The results show that (1) 1976-2011 years, research The types of land use landscape in the study area have been significantly changed, mainly as dryland area increased greatly, its change is mainly caused by the reduction of other land use and construction land; the area of woodland is obviously increased, mainly from dryland, and the area of pasture land is reduced, and its transfer main should be dryland, construction land and other land, construction land, Other land use, water area and garden area gradually decrease, and the area of paddy field increases. (2) during the 1976-2011 years, the degree of landscape fragmentation in the study area declined, and the pattern of many factors intensive gradually changed into a better state of dominant patch continuity, and the distribution of land use landscape distribution showed the characteristics of "concentrated dispersion concentration". The proportion of dominant landscape types increased, the control effect of single component to landscape was enhanced, the proportion of landscape types increased, landscape heterogeneity decreased, and the overall stability of land use landscape pattern was "stable unstable stability", the shape of landscape patches was simplified, and human activities were used in the area. The influence of the land use landscape pattern is "simplified - complex - simplification". (3) in the 1976-2011 years, the most frequent changes in the land use landscape types in the study area were mainly concentrated in Fujiang and Songhua River villages in the southern part of the study area, western town and Hongguang Township and the east of waxing town. (4) The total population (X1), the population density (X4), the per capita GDP (X6), the first industry added value (X8), the second industry added value (X9), the third industry added value (X10), the total agricultural output value (X11), the total output value of Agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry (X14), the agricultural fertilizer use (X15), the farmer's per capita net income (X16), the savings balance of the urban and rural residents, the total crop sowing of the crops. Area (X20), road mileage (X22) and head number (X23) of large livestock at the end of year (X23). These factors have great influence on the landscape pattern evolution of land use. (5) the single driving factor is closely related to the landscape pattern evolution of land use, and the intensity, size and direction of each driving factor are different. The greatest strength of the land use landscape pattern evolution in the study area is the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. The weakest effect on the landscape pattern evolution of the study area is the end of the year. The total output value, the total population, the third industry added value, the savings balance of the urban and rural residents, the non agricultural population, the highway Mileage, the second industry added value, the total crop sown area, the head number of the big livestock at the end of the year and the landscape pattern evolution of land use, promote the evolution of the landscape pattern of land use, the increase value of the first industry, the total agricultural output value, the per capita net income of the farmers, the per capita GDP and population density, the use of agricultural fertilizer and the land use view The evolution of the view pattern evolves negatively and inhibits the evolution of the landscape pattern of land use. (6) the increase value of the total population and the first industry, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, the GDP per capita, the increase value of the total agricultural output value and the total population and the first industry, the added value of the third industry, the total output value of the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, the savings balance between the urban and rural residents, the first production The value added, the third industry added value and the total output value of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, in addition to the close relationship between the total population and the savings balance of the urban and rural residents, the use of agricultural fertilizer and the total population, the value of the first industry, the total output value of the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, the road mileage and the total human mouth, the value of the first industry, the total output value of the agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. It has a close interaction relationship, which has a significant compound effect on the landscape pattern evolution of land use. The main mechanism of the evolution of land use landscape pattern is the combination of the single factor and the compound factor, and the intensity of the compound action among the factors is higher than that of the single factor. Therefore, the land use view of the study area is made. The mechanism of the evolution of view pattern is more significant than that of all factors.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2;P901

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