湖南醉鱼草属植物资源评价及园林应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 21:39

本文选题：醉鱼草属植物 + 资源调查　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文在对湖南省醉鱼草属植物资源文献资料和标本资料研究基础上,选取长沙市、邵阳市、怀化市、张家界市、永州市比较典型的区域进行种质资源调查,调查内容包括:植物种类、生长状况、生境特征、观赏特性、群落特征等。从醉鱼草属植物资源的自然分布、生态适应性、观赏特性、群落组成方面分析了该属植物资源的现状。在此调查研究基础上,运用层次分析法(AHP)构建湖南醉鱼草属植物园林应用的综合评价体系,从观赏特性、生态适应性、园林应用价值三个方面对该属植物进行园林应用综合评价。结合上述研究,分析醉鱼草属植物在园林应用中的优势,提出其丰富的应用形式及在园林应用中存在的问题及建议。主要研究结论如下:(1)通过文献资料的研究表明,湖南地区醉鱼草属植物主要有醉鱼草(Buddleja lindleyana)、大叶醉鱼草(B.davidii)、巴东醉鱼草(B.albiflora)等7种。目前,对醉鱼草属的研究主要集中在资源分布、繁殖栽培、药用价值、园林应用、化学成分及生物活性等方面,初步了解其国内外研究进展。综述了该属植物的种质资源、地理分布、形态特征、生态学和生物学特性。(2)研究期间通过对长沙、邵阳、怀化、张家界、永州的调查,主要发现了醉鱼草、大叶醉鱼草、巴东醉鱼草、白背枫4个种,其中频度最高的是醉鱼草,频度最低的是巴东醉鱼草和白背枫,巴东醉鱼草分布于张家界,白背枫分布在邵阳。调查结果显示,该属4种植物喜阳光,但在疏林和林缘生长茂盛,对环境要求不严,主要生长于山地路旁、水边、岩石缝隙、撂荒地等,在野外生长环境受人为因素干扰严重,如人为砍伐、放羊等,其中醉鱼草可在Mn矿、Zn矿旁生长。该属植物多为灌木,高度在1-8m。植物株型丰富,枝叶婆娑,具有野趣之美,以观花和观株型为主。(3)运用灰色关联度分析法,对调查到4种植物进行生态适应性的关联度分析,其中白背枫关联度最高,其次为大叶醉鱼草和醉鱼草,最后为巴东醉鱼草,关联度值均大于0.8,这说明4种植物从自然分布地引种到城市园林绿地中栽培应用的生态适应性强。结合其形态特征和观赏特性,包括枝形质感、观叶特性、观花特性、观赏期、绿叶期、奇特性、芳香性等园林观赏要素,综合分析其园林应用价值,提出园林应用的潜力。(4)调查研究发现4种植物成群分布较少,在所调查的区域中比较典型的醉鱼草属植物群落为醉鱼草群落和大叶醉鱼草群落,如浏阳大围山醉鱼草群落,伴生植物有杉木、荞麦、败酱、牛膝等;张家界仙人溪大叶醉鱼草群落,伴生植物有复羽叶栾树、盐肤木、金樱子、败酱、芒等。群落类型主要为灌木+草本,乔木+灌木+草本两种类型,伴生植物中草本植物最多,其中又以菊科、禾本科、蓼科、唇形科、蕨类等为主。(5)运用层次分析法(AHP)构建评价体系,在约束层中,生态适应性因子的权重值最高,为0.5816。在准则层中,从观赏特性来看,观花特性因子权重值最高,为0.3232;从生态适应性来看,抗逆性权重值最高,为0.4991;从园林应用价值来看,繁殖难易因子的权重值最高,为0.5396。总排序权重值前五位从大到小依次为抗逆性、生长势、观花特性、生态效益、观赏期。综合评价指数为醉鱼草大叶醉鱼草巴东醉鱼草白背枫80%,均属于Ⅰ级,说明醉鱼草属植物均具有较高的开发利用价值。(6)根据评价结果、现场调查分析、观赏特性、生境特性等综合分析,表明湖南醉鱼草属植物生态修复性能好、适应性强、观赏价值高、养护成本低,有利于创造节约型、生态文明型、美丽型园林城市,可以创造为花境、花带、绿篱、基础种植、道路及边坡绿化、水边绿化、植物专类园等多种园林景观形式。
[Abstract]:Based on the study of the literature and specimen data of the plant resources of the genus drunkarium in Hunan, the germplasm resources were investigated in Changsha, Shaoyang, Huaihua, Zhangjiajie and Yongzhou, which included plant species, growth status, habitat characteristics, ornamental characteristics, community characteristics, and so on. The natural distribution of material resources, ecological adaptability, ornamental characteristics and community composition are analyzed in this paper. On the basis of this investigation, the comprehensive evaluation system of the garden application of Hunan drunken plants in Hunan is constructed by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), from the ornamental, ecological adaptability and garden application value of this genus to this genus. In combination with the above research, the advantages of the plants of the genus drunkus in garden application were analyzed, and its rich application forms and problems and suggestions in the application of garden were proposed. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) the main research results showed that drunkah plants in Hunan area were mainly drunkages (Budd LEJA lindleyana), 7 species of drunkah (B.davidii) and Badong drunkah (B.albiflora). At present, the research on the genus drunkopsis is mainly focused on resources distribution, breeding and cultivation, medicinal value, garden application, chemical composition and biological activity, and the domestic and foreign research progress of the genus is preliminarily understood. The germplasm resources and geographical points of this genus are summarized. Cloth, morphological characteristics, ecological and biological characteristics. (2) through the investigation of Changsha, Shaoyang, Huaihua, Zhangjiajie, Yongzhou, the main findings were the 4 species of drunk fish grass, large leaf drunk grass, Badong lolk and white back Feng, of which the highest frequency was drunk, the lowest frequency was the Badong drunk and white back, and the Badong is distributed in Zhang. There are 4 kinds of plants in Shaoyang. The results show that the genus is sunny, but it grows luxuriantly in the sparse forest and forest edge, and is not strict with the environment. It mainly grows in the mountain roadside, water edge, rock crevice, abandoned land and so on. In the field, the environment is seriously disturbed by human factors, such as artificial cutting, sheep and so on, which can be found in Mn mine, Zn The plants are mostly shrubs. The plants of this genus are mostly shrubs. The height of 1-8m. plants is rich, branches and leaves are whirling, it has the beauty of wild interest, flower observation and view plant type. (3) the correlation degree analysis of the ecological adaptability of 4 species of plants was analyzed by grey correlation analysis, among which the white back Maple was the highest, followed by the large leaf and the drunk and the most. The correlation degree values of Badong drus grass are more than 0.8, which shows that the ecological adaptability of the 4 plants from natural distribution to urban garden and green space is strong. Combining its morphological characteristics and ornamental characteristics, including branch texture, foliage characteristics, flower watching, ornamental, green leaf, strange and aromatic, and other ornamental elements, comprehensive Analysis of its garden application value and the potential of application of garden. (4) investigation and research found that 4 species of plants have less group distribution, in the area of investigation, the typical drunkia plant community is drunkia community and large leaf drunkia community, such as Liuyang DAWAI mountain drunkia community, associated plants, fir, buckwheat, Patrinia, Achyranthes and so on; The community of the large leaves of the siren Creek, the associated plants of the concomitant leaves and lurean trees, Rhus chinensis, cherry seed, shrubs, and awns, are mainly two types of shrubs + herbs, trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, and most of the associated plants are herbaceous plants. Among them, the Compositae, Gramineae, Polygonaceae, lipidae, ferns and so on. (5) construction of AHP In the evaluation system, in the constraint layer, the weight value of the ecological adaptability factor is the highest. It is 0.5816. in the standard layer. From the view of ornamental characteristics, the weight value of the flower watching characteristic factor is the highest, which is 0.3232. From the ecological adaptability, the weight value of the resistance to adversity is the highest, which is 0.4991. From the landscape value, the weight value of the breeding difficult factor is the highest, which is 0.5396. total. The first five rank weight values from large to small are resistance, growth growth, flower observation, ecological benefits, and ornamental period. The comprehensive evaluation index is 80% of drunkah drunkah Badong white Drunkie white back Feng, which all belong to grade I, indicating that all drunkopanthus plants have higher value for exploitation and use. (6) according to the evaluation results, field investigation and analysis, ornamental The comprehensive analysis of characteristics and habitat characteristics shows that the Hunan drunkard plants have good ecological restoration performance, strong adaptability, high ornamental value and low maintenance cost. It is beneficial to create a saving type, ecological civilization type and beautiful garden city. It can be created as flower border, flower belt, hedge, base planting, Road and slope greening, waterside greening, plant special garden, etc. A variety of landscape forms.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S685.99

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