深圳园山风景区3种城市森林声景观动态变化特征研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 22:45

本文选题：森林声景观 + 鸟鸣声　；参考：《中国林业科学研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以深圳市园山风景区为研究范围,于2015年8月至2016年4月,选取风景区内3种城市森林作为实验样地,对不同样地不同季节内的昼夜24小时的森林声音、小气候和植被数据进行采集与统计,研究了森林声景观的时空变化规律并基于时空变化的规律性特点选取典型声音类型,进行声景观主观评价与生理变化试验。初步得出以下结论:(1)从不同季节森林声景观特点来看,春季的森林声景观变化丰富且以鸟鸣声为主,夏季森林声景观整体变化较弱,以虫鸣为主且声音环境热闹,秋冬季森林声景观以幽静、平和为主。(2)森林声景观在不同季节的日变化表现出不同的规律,其中:(1)春季鸟鸣活动日变化呈“U”型,有两个日峰值,第一个峰值发生在清晨5:00-7:00间,第二个峰值发生在傍晚17:00-19:00间;虫鸣日变化有3个波谷,活跃期集中在7:00-15:00间,在清晨5:00-7:00和傍晚17:00-19:00最弱。春季虫鸣活动的最弱期与鸟类活动活跃期重合,表明春季鸟鸣与虫鸣活动具有“此消彼长”的规律。(2)夏季鸟鸣活动日变化呈“N”型,有两个日峰值,第一个峰值发生在清晨7:00-9:00间,第二个峰值发生在傍晚17:00-19:00间;虫鸣活动有两个波谷,出现在夜间23:00-1:00间和午后11:00-13:00间。活跃期集中在3:00-9:00和17:00-23:00间。(3)秋冬季鸟鸣日变化呈“W”型或“三峰两谷”型,鸟类鸣叫活动高峰出现在清晨7:00-9:00间与下午15:00-17:00间;虫鸣活动有3个日峰值,分别出现在凌晨3:00-5:00间、中午11:00以及夜间19:00-21:00间,虫鸣活跃期主要集中在21:00-次日1:00间。秋冬季的虫鸣与鸟鸣活动变化具有一定的协同性,呈现“交相辉映”的变化特征。(3)从鸟鸣声频率的变化来看,鸟鸣声频率变化春季最为丰富,其次是秋冬季,最后是夏季。虫鸣声频率变化夏季最丰富,其次是春季,最后是秋冬季。不同季节内虫鸣和鸟鸣频率随时间变化呈现不同的变化特征,表明3种城市森林内活跃的鸟鸣和虫鸣群落具有显著差异。(4)鸟鸣与森林的空间结构存在一定的相关关系,表现为鸟鸣活动越丰富,乔木层的Shannon-wiener指数越低,Pielou指数与Simpson指数则越高,而灌木层的各项指标与鸟鸣活动并无明显联系。另外,垂直结构分布均匀,层次丰富且合理,利于鸟类飞翔的森林垂直空间结构更有利于鸟鸣活动。(5)采用满意度评分与SD调查结合的方法对森林声景观进行主观评价分析,结果表明人们对不同类型的森林声音的评价普遍优于城市声音。其中,鸟鸣声常具有声音分明、变化丰富、节奏感强等特点;虫鸣声具有声音粗糙、变化单一、节奏弱等特点;鸟鸣与虫鸣混合声具有声环境热闹、容易引起人情绪激动等特点。(6)森林声音对人体康养具有一定的积极作用,可使人体更趋于平稳、愉悦,且这样的积极作用大于静坐休息。鸟鸣声对人体生理指标变化的影响最明显,虫鸣最弱。通过与心理评价的相关性分析发现,人们对森林声景观的喜好程度可以通过心率、呼吸频率以及皮肤电导率来体现。本文从客观与主观两方面分析与评价了深圳园山风景区内3种城市森林的声景观资源,以期为今后的森林声景观研究提供一些思路和方法,发掘与保护珍贵的森林声景观资源,使人们可以享受到丰富多样的优质森林声景观。
[Abstract]:From August 2015 to April 2016, 3 kinds of urban forests in the scenic area were selected as experimental plots, and the forest sound, microclimate and vegetation data were collected and counted in the 3 kinds of urban forests in the scenic area from August 2015 to April 2016, and the temporal and spatial variation of forest sound landscape was studied and based on the time of time. The regularity characteristics of air change selected typical sound types, subjective evaluation and physiological change test of sound landscape. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) from the characteristics of forest sound landscape in different seasons, the forest sound landscape in spring is rich in sound landscape and is dominated by the sound of birds, and the overall change of forest sound landscape in summer is weak, and the main and sound ring is soundness. The forest sound landscape in autumn and winter is quiet and flat in winter and winter. (2) the daily variation of forest sound landscape in different seasons shows different rules. (1) the diurnal variation of bird's singing activity is "U", there are two daily peaks, the first peak occurs in the early morning 5:00-7: 00, the second peak occurs between 17:00-19:00 in the evening, and the diurnal change of the soundtrack. There are 3 wave valleys in which the active period is concentrated between 7:00-15:00 and the weakest in the early morning 5:00-7:00 and the evening 17:00-19:00. The weakest period of the spring insect chirp activity coincides with the active period of the bird activity. It shows that the spring bird's resonance and the activity of the insect chirp have "this trend of extinction". (2) the diurnal variation of bird's singing activity in summer is "N", with two daily peaks and the first peak. The value occurred between 7:00-9:00 in the early morning, second peaks occurred between 17:00-19:00 in the evening, and the activity of the insect had two valleys, appearing at night between 23:00-1:00 and 11:00-13:00 in the afternoon. The active period was concentrated between 3:00-9:00 and 17:00-23:00. (3) in autumn and winter, the diurnal variation of bird song was "W" or "three peak two valley", and the peak of bird singing activity appeared in the autumn and winter. In the morning between 7:00-9:00 and 15:00-17:00 in the morning, there are 3 daily peaks in the activity of the insect, which appear at 3:00-5:00 in the morning, at 11:00 at noon and between 19:00-21:00 at night, and the active period of the insects mainly concentrates at 1:00 on the next day of the 21:00-. From the change of the frequency of bird's sound, the frequency of birdsong is the most abundant in spring, followed by autumn and winter, and in the last summer. The frequency of the sound of the singing is the most abundant in summer, followed by spring, and finally in autumn and winter. The change of the frequency of the chirp and the birdsong in different seasons is different, indicating the active birds in the 3 kinds of urban forests. There are significant differences between the sounding and the sounding community. (4) there is a certain correlation between the bird's resonance and the spatial structure of the forest, which shows that the more rich the bird's resonance, the lower the Shannon-wiener index of the tree layer, the higher the Pielou index and the Simpson index, and there is no obvious relation between the indexes of the shrub layer and the birdsong activity. In addition, the vertical structure is evenly distributed. The forest vertical spatial structure is more conducive to the flight of birds. (5) the subjective evaluation and analysis of forest sound landscape are carried out by the method of satisfaction score and SD investigation. The results show that the evaluation of the sound of different types of forest is superior to the city sound. It is distinct, rich in change and strong in rhythm; the sound of the sound of insects has the characteristics of rough sound, single change and weak rhythm, and the mixed sound of bird's sonic and insect chirp has the characteristics of sound environment and excitement and so on. (6) the sound of the forest has a positive effect on the health of the human body, which can make the human body more stable, pleasing, and active. The influence of bird's sound on the changes of physiological indexes is the most obvious, and the soundtrack is the weakest. Through the correlation analysis with the psychological evaluation, it is found that people's preference for forest sound landscape can be reflected by heart rate, respiratory frequency and skin conductivity. This paper analyzes and evaluates the Shenzhen garden from two aspects of subjective and subjective aspects. The sound landscape resources of 3 kinds of urban forest in the mountain scenic area, in order to provide some ideas and methods for the future research of forest sound landscape, to excavate and protect the precious forest sound landscape resources, so that people can enjoy a variety of high quality forest sound landscape.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S718.5

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