怀来县农地景观生态服务评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 19:23

本文选题：农地 + 景观分类　；参考：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地资源是人类社会生存和发展的核心,作为土地资源的重要组成部分,农地景观因为不合理的开发利用而逐渐丧失景观生态服务功能。正确评价土地与景观的质量,保持农地景观的健康,是每个土地资源学者们肩负的使命。本文根据国内外的研究成果,以农地景观特征明显的怀来县为研究对象,结合景观生态学等相关理论,提出了一种将农地景观分类与景观生态服务评价相结合的研究思路,以揭示不同类型的农地景观在生态服务方面表现出的差异性。首先,运用定性与定量因素综合分析的研究方法对怀来县农地景观进行了分类研究。在怀来县农地景观特征分析的基础上,通过农地景观范围界定、主导因素分析、分类指标选取与分类框架构建等过程,最终将怀来县农地景观划分为1个景观类、5个景观亚类与50个景观单元。其次,根据怀来县农地景观分类结果,以景观单元为评价单元,从生态美学与生态系统两方面选取了15个指标构建农地景观生态服务评价指标体系,以层次分析法与变异系数法综合确定各指标权重,并对景观单元进行生态服务评价。之后,根据景观生态服务评价结果,分析怀来县农地景观生态服务空间差异,并从土地整治角度提出了农地景观生态建设的相关建议。研究主要结论如下:(1)以景观分类为基础的景观生态功能评价不仅可以弥补景观分类无法对各景观类型进行定量分析的弱点,同时也可以保证景观生态服务评价对象内部保持一定的均质性,使评价结果更为客观。(2)定性与定量因素综合考虑的分类方法可以更为客观的区分出景观区域内景观特征与功能形态的差异,并结合实地调查进行调整与完善,分类结果与怀来县农地景观实际情况相符,景观单元之间生态服务强弱明显,适用于怀来县农地景观的分类研究。(3)通过景观分类与景观生态服务评价,结果显示怀来县农地景观生态服务差异性很大,各农地景观单元所得分值范围为0.1724-0.6527,呈现较为明显的由中部“V”型盆地向南北两侧低山中山区逐步减弱的趋势。生态服务处于“最高”水平的景观单元数量只有4个,数量最少,景观生态功能较为突出。另外,在总体上景观单元的生态功能随高程与坡度的增加而明显下降,各景观亚类生态服务则表现为水田景观亚类水浇地景观亚类果园景观亚类旱地景观亚类的趋势。最后根据评价结果,对怀来县土地整治景观生态建设提出了相关建议。
[Abstract]:Land resources are the core of the survival and development of human society. As an important part of land resources, farmland landscape has gradually lost its ecological service function because of unreasonable exploitation and utilization. It is the mission of every land resource scholar to evaluate the quality of land and landscape correctly and maintain the health of farmland landscape. Based on the research results at home and abroad, this paper takes Huailai County, which has obvious farmland landscape characteristics, as the research object, combining with the related theories of landscape ecology, puts forward a research idea that combines farmland landscape classification with landscape ecological service evaluation. In order to reveal the different types of farmland landscape in the ecological services show differences. Firstly, the farmland landscape of Huailai County is classified by qualitative and quantitative factors. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of farmland landscape in Huailai County, through the definition of farmland landscape scope, the analysis of leading factors, the selection of classification indexes and the construction of classification framework, etc. Finally, the farmland landscape in Huailai County was divided into 1 landscape category, 5 landscape subclasses and 50 landscape units. Secondly, according to the classification results of farmland landscape in Huailai County, taking landscape unit as evaluation unit, 15 indexes were selected from two aspects of ecological aesthetics and ecosystem to construct evaluation index system of farmland landscape ecological service. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to determine the weights of each index, and the ecological services of landscape units were evaluated. Then, according to the evaluation results of landscape ecological services, the spatial differences of farmland landscape ecological services in Huailai County are analyzed, and the relevant suggestions for farmland landscape ecological construction are put forward from the perspective of land regulation. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) Landscape ecological function evaluation based on landscape classification can not only make up for the weakness of landscape classification which can not be quantitatively analyzed for each landscape type. At the same time, it can also ensure that there is a certain homogeneity within the evaluation objects of landscape ecological services. So that the evaluation result is more objective. (2) the classification method which considers the qualitative and quantitative factors synthetically can distinguish the difference of landscape characteristics and function forms in landscape area more objectively, and adjust and perfect it in combination with field investigation. The classification results are consistent with the actual situation of farmland landscape in Huailai County, and the ecological service between landscape units is obvious, which is suitable for the classification study of farmland landscape in Huailai County. The results showed that the ecological service of farmland landscape in Huailai County was very different, and the score of each farmland landscape unit was 0.1724-0.6527, which showed a tendency of weakening gradually from the central "V" type basin to the low mountain and middle mountain area on both sides of the north and south. The number of landscape units in the "highest" level of ecological services is only 4, the number is the least, and the ecological function of landscape is more prominent. In addition, the ecological function of landscape unit decreased obviously with the increase of elevation and slope, and the ecological service of each landscape subclass was the trend of paddy field landscape subtype, irrigated land landscape subclass, orchard landscape subclass, dryland landscape subclass. Finally, according to the evaluation results, some suggestions on landscape ecological construction in Huailai County are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S181;P901

【参考文献】