郑州城市公园人工植物群落特征与景观评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 08:21

本文选题：城市公园 + 人工植物群落　；参考：《河南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以郑州城市公园为研究对象,选取市内8个公园中的115个典型人工植物群落,对植物群落的物种组成、植物来源、植物群落类型、垂直结构层次、群落景观外貌特征、群落物种多样性等进行统计分析。并用层次分析法从生态功能、空间结构、视觉质量、社会服务四个方面选用16个评价因子,建立合理的评价体系,对8个公园的植物群落综合景观进行评价,及对5个公园中的I级景观进行物种组成、配置特点等的分析。最后,基于对郑州城市公园人工植物群落的研究结果,提出科学合理的优化措施。研究的主要结果为以下几个方面:1、物种组成。通过对郑州市8个公园的调查,维管植物共153种,63科120属。其中乔木的种类最为丰富,共57种,灌木49种,草本41种,藤本类的植物最少共6种。根据《中国植被》中的植物群落分类原则,将115个植物群落划分为8种植被类型,其中落叶阔叶林有57个,针阔混交林有18个,常绿针叶林有15个,常绿落叶阔叶林有14个,常绿阔叶林有5个,棕榈类林有3个,落叶有2个,竹类林有1个。2、物种丰富度。各公园物种丰富度指数的排列顺序为:植物园绿博园人民公园碧沙岗公园郑州之林紫荆山公园湿地公园森林公园。不同人工植物群落类型的丰富度排序为:常绿落叶阔叶林针阔混交林落叶阔叶林常绿针叶林常绿阔叶林落叶针叶林。垂直结构类型丰富度指数排序为:乔灌草乔灌灌草乔草。3、物种多样性。各公园中Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-wiener多样性指数表现基本一致,乔木的多样性指数都在0.35以上,最高的为植物园。不同群落类型的多样性指数最高的为常绿落叶阔叶林。不同结构类型中,乔灌草结构的多样性指数最高。各公园的均匀度指数在0.3~0.91之间,乔灌草的均匀度排序为:乔木层灌木层草本层。不同群落类型的乔木层中均匀度指数与多样性指数排序一致。垂直结构类型中乔木层均匀度指数最高的为乔灌草类型。4、景观评价。运用层次分析法法对115个人工植物群落景观进行综合评价,得出I级景观共有9个,占8%;II、III级景观共94个,占82%;IV级景观共有12个,占10%。说明郑州城市公园人工植物群落综合景观处于中等偏上水平,从整体上来看,植物园和人民公园的综合景观质量水平较高,森林公园的最差。5、景观优化措施。从体现当地特色植物景观、提高生态效益、加强景观观赏性、合理引种植物资源等方面提出景观优化措施。通过本文对郑州市公园人工植物群落的统计与分析,对公园植物群落的景观评价,为以后构建具有当地特色植物景观、稳定的人工植物群落提供参考实例和理论基础。
[Abstract]:Taking Zhengzhou City Park as the research object, this paper selects 115 typical artificial plant communities of 8 parks in the city, and analyses the species composition, plant origin, plant community type, vertical structure level, landscape features of community landscape, community species diversity and so on. Constructs, visual quality, social service four aspects select 16 evaluation factors, establish a reasonable evaluation system, evaluate the comprehensive landscape of plant community in 8 parks, and analyze the species composition and configuration characteristics of the I grade landscape in the 5 parks. Finally, based on the results of the study on the artificial plant community in Zhengzhou City Park, the author puts forward the Department. The main results of the study are as follows: 1, species composition. Through the investigation of 8 parks in Zhengzhou, 153 species of vascular plants and 63 families and 120 genera are found. Among them, the species are the most abundant, 57 species, 49 shrubs, 41 herbs, and the least 6 species of vines. According to the classification of plant communities in China Vegetation In principle, 115 plant communities are divided into 8 types of vegetation, of which there are 57 deciduous broad-leaved forests, 18 coniferous broad-leaved forests, 15 evergreen coniferous forests, 14 evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forests, 5 evergreen broad-leaved forests, 3 palm forests, 2 deciduous forests, 1.2, species richness. The sequence order of species richness index of each park. Green Botanical Park, botanical garden, green Botanical Park, bauhinigan Park, Zhengzhou forest Forest Park Wetland Park. The richness of different artificial plant community types: evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest, broadleaf forest, evergreen broadleaf forest, evergreen broadleaf coniferous forest. The richness index of vertical structure type is Qiao Guan. The diversity of Simpson diversity index and Shannon-wiener diversity index in each park are basically the same. The diversity index of the trees is above 0.35, the highest is in the botanical garden. The highest diversity index of different community types is evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest. Among the different structural types, the structure of Jo grasses. The evenness index of each park is between 0.3~0.91, the evenness of the arbor layer is: the tree layer shrub layer herbaceous layer. The evenness index of the tree layer of different community types is the same with the diversity index. The highest tree layer evenness index in the vertical structure type is.4, landscape evaluation. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to evaluate the landscape of 115 artificial plant communities. It was found that there were 9 I landscapes, accounting for 8%, II and III, accounting for 82% and 12 IV landscapes, accounting for 10%. that the comprehensive landscape of the artificial plant community in Zhengzhou city park was in the medium level, and the overall view of the botanical garden and the people's Park was a comprehensive view. High level of view quality, the worst.5 of Forest Park, landscape optimization measures. The landscape optimization measures are put forward from the aspects of reflecting local characteristics of plant landscape, improving ecological benefits, strengthening landscape ornamentability and rational introduction of plant resources. Through the statistics and analysis of the artificial plant colony in Zhengzhou Park, the landscape evaluation of the plant community in the park is evaluated. The price provides a reference case and theoretical basis for the construction of a stable plant community with local characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S688;TU986.5

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