北京明长城沿线景观格局分析与生态风险评价

发布时间：2018-06-11 12:15

本文选题：明长城 + 森林景观　；参考：《北京林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究以保护和提升北京明长城周边生态环境为出发点,以北京市长城普查数据和北京市森林资源二类调查数据(含林相图)为主要数据源,在分析北京明长城沿线两侧3km范围区域内的森林景观格局的基础上,综合运用空间统计学和地统计学方法,评价分析研究区生态风险状况,并简要提出相应的保护管理措施,以期为研究区长城及其周边的生态环境保护工作提供理论和数据参考。(1)采用景观格局指数,分别从景观组成结构特征、数量结构特征、分形特征和稳定性、异质性和复杂性等方面,分析了研究区的森林景观空间格局特征。该研究区以有林地和灌木林地为优势景观,面积比重之和达83.38%,景观斑块以0.5km2以下的中小型斑块数量居多；有林地聚合性最强,连接性最好,破碎化程度最低；而疏林地和无立木林地景观连接性差,破碎化程度高；农地和其他用地斑块形状不规则程度较高,稳定性差；区县间,密云景观类型多样化程度最高,集中化程度最低,而怀柔则相反。(2)将研究区划分为315个小区,依据脆弱度指数和干扰度指数,构建了景观生态风险指数,定量分析各个区域的相对生态风险程度,反映了研究区生态风险可能发生的综合性概率。风险分析结果显示,怀柔东南部与密云接壤处生态风险最高,并以此为中心,向怀柔西南部及密云西北部逐渐降低；低风险区域主要分布于延庆东部、密云东部及平谷等地,较高及高风险区域则主要分布于怀柔及密云境内。其中,八达岭、黄花城、慕田峪、五座楼、古北口、金山岭以及司马台等著名长城段风险相对较高。(3)在以上研究成果的基础上,将研究区的相对生态风险程度进行等级划分,并针对各等级提出相应的生态风险预防管理建议。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to protect and improve the ecological environment around the Great Wall in Beijing, and to take the Great Wall survey data of Beijing and the forest resources survey data (including forest phase diagram) as the main data sources. Based on the analysis of the forest landscape pattern in the 3km area on both sides of the line of Beijing Ming the Great Wall, the ecological risk situation of the study area was evaluated and analyzed by using the spatial statistics and geostatistics methods, and the corresponding protection and management measures were put forward briefly. In order to provide theoretical and data reference for the study area the Great Wall and its surrounding ecological environment protection work, using landscape pattern index, respectively, from landscape composition structural characteristics, quantitative structural characteristics, fractal characteristics and stability, In the aspects of heterogeneity and complexity, the spatial pattern characteristics of forest landscape in the study area were analyzed. In this research area, forestland and shrub land are the dominant landscape, the sum of area proportion is 83.38, the number of small and medium-sized patches below 0.5km2 is the most, the aggregation of woodland is the strongest, the connectivity is the best, and the degree of fragmentation is the lowest. The landscape connectivity and fragmentation degree of sparse forest land and non-standing wood forest land are poor, and the patch shape of farmland and other land is irregular, and the stability is poor. Among districts and counties, the diversity degree of Miyun landscape type is the highest, and the concentration degree is the lowest, among the regions and counties, Miyun landscape has the highest degree of diversity and the lowest degree of centralization. Huairou, on the contrary, divided the study area into 315 communities. Based on the vulnerability index and disturbance index, the landscape ecological risk index was constructed, and the relative ecological risk degree of each region was quantitatively analyzed. It reflects the comprehensive probability of ecological risk in the study area. The results of risk analysis showed that the ecological risk in southeast Huairou was the highest in the border with Miyun, and gradually decreased to southwestern Huairou and northwestern Miyun, and the low-risk areas were mainly distributed in eastern Yanqing, eastern Miyun and Pinggu, etc. High-risk and high-risk areas are mainly located in Huairou and Miyun. Among them, Badaling, Huanghua City, Mutianyu, five buildings, Gubeikou, Jinshanling, Simatai and other famous the Great Wall sections have relatively high risk. And put forward the corresponding ecological risk prevention and management suggestions for each level.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901;S757;X826

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