神农架金丝猴生境破碎化评价及生境廊道构建

发布时间：2018-06-24 04:01

本文选题：神农架自然保护区 + 金丝猴　；参考：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：金丝猴是神农架自然保护区的重要保护对象,基于生境在影响金丝猴生存和发展过程中的关键作用,以及目前神农架金丝猴所面临的适宜生境斑块间日趋破碎化、猴群间隔离等问题,本文在对神农架自然保护区金丝猴生境实地调查的基础上,结合保护区相关基础数据资料,以神农架自然保护区金丝猴栖息地生境为研究对象,利用3S技术对神农架保护区金丝猴栖息地生境破碎化现状进行评价,同时利用最小费用模型识别了保护区金丝猴现有生境斑块间的潜在生境廊道,筛选合适的廊道植物配置模式,进而提出生境廊道构建技术,优化金丝猴生境格局。主要结果有:(1)利用景观格局指数方法对生境景观结构破碎化分析表明:神农架自然保护区适宜森林景观主要以大斑块形式存在,占研究区面积的比例为64.5%,其他非林景观总面积约占研究区面积的10%,主要以小斑块形式分散分布为主,对金丝猴栖息地生境景观的破碎化起着重要的作用,且这种规律在保护区金丝猴分布区比非分布区更加明显。栖息地内各景观类型的斑块形状都比较复杂,斑块分布比较离散,景观连接度低,表明研究区各类景观存在一定程度的破碎化现象。且保护区金丝猴非活动区的各类景观斑块比金丝猴活动区的各景观类型的斑块具有更为复杂的斑块形状、更加离散的分布状态、较小聚合度、较大边缘密度、较低的景观连接度以及各类景观整体在数目面积上更加不均衡的分布状态,说明神农架保护区金丝猴非活动区各景观类型的破碎化程度比活动区高。(2)基于生境可利用的景观连接度分析方法对生境景观的功能破碎化分析表明:研究区几个大型的适宜生境斑块间由于地形因素(海拔)、人为干扰(道路)等原因是导致神农架金丝猴适宜生境破碎化的主要原因。神农架金丝猴活动区和非活动区适宜生境斑块间景观的连接度连指数值普遍偏低,说明保护区金丝猴生境整体上均存在相当程度的破碎化,且非活动区和整个保护区适宜生境斑块间的破碎化程度比活动区严重。(3)在神农架金丝生境破碎化的现状评价的基础上,对神农架金丝猴栖息地潜在生境廊道的构建研究表明:神农架保护区现存4个面积较大的金丝猴“源”生境斑块。基于这4个生境“源”斑块,利用最小费用距离模型,识别出4条金丝猴潜在生境廊道,可以将神农架保护区现有的金丝猴适宜生境斑块系统的联系在一起,促进神农架金丝猴对适宜生境的有效利用。利用实际调查统计的神农架金丝猴适宜生境的植被群落结构,筛选出8种神农架金丝猴生境廊道植物配置模式,根据实际的廊道分布地理环境以及相应植物物种的生态习性,确定了神农架金丝猴生境廊道具体的植物配置模式,可用于进行神农架金丝猴生境廊道的构建。
[Abstract]:Golden monkey is an important protection object in Shennongjia Nature Reserve. Based on the key role of habitat in affecting the survival and development of Golden Monkey, and the fragmentation of suitable habitat patches faced by Shennongjia Golden Monkey at present, On the basis of the field investigation of the habitat of golden monkey in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, this paper takes the habitat of Golden Monkey in Shennongjia Nature Reserve as the research object, combining with the basic data of the reserve, and taking the habitat of golden monkey in Shennongjia Nature Reserve as the research object. The habitat fragmentation of golden monkey in Shennongjia protected area was evaluated by using 3s technology, and the potential habitat corridor between the existing habitat patches of golden monkey was identified by using the minimum cost model. The appropriate plant allocation model of corridor was selected, and the construction technology of habitat corridor was put forward to optimize the habitat pattern of golden monkey. The main results are as follows: (1) the analysis of landscape structure fragmentation by using landscape pattern index method shows that the suitable forest landscape of Shennongjia Nature Reserve mainly exists in the form of large patches. The proportion of the area in the study area is 64.5%, the total area of other non-forest landscape is about 10 parts of the study area, mainly distributed in the form of small patches, which plays an important role in the fragmentation of habitat landscape of golden monkey. And this rule is more obvious in the protected area than in the non-distribution area. The patch shape of each landscape type in the habitat is complex, the patch distribution is discrete, and the landscape connectivity is low, which indicates that there exists a certain degree of fragmentation in all kinds of landscape in the study area. Moreover, all kinds of landscape patches in the inactive area of golden monkey in the reserve have more complex patch shape, more discrete distribution, smaller degree of aggregation and larger edge density than those in the active area of golden monkey. The lower degree of landscape connectivity and the more uneven distribution of the number and area of all types of landscape, The results show that the degree of fragmentation of each landscape type in the non-active area of Golden Monkey in Shennongjia Reserve is higher than that in active area. (2) the functional fragmentation analysis of habitat landscape based on the landscape connectivity analysis method available in habitat shows that: several parts of the study area are in the study area. The main reasons for the fragmentation of the suitable habitat of the Shennongjia Golden Monkey were the topographic factors (altitude) and human disturbance (road) among the large suitable habitat patches. The connectivity index between the suitable habitat patches in the active and inactive areas of Shennongjia Golden Monkey was generally low, which indicated that there was a considerable degree of fragmentation in the whole habitat of Golden Monkey in Shennongjia. And the fragmentation degree between the suitable habitat patches in the inactive area and the whole protected area is more serious than that in the active area. (3) based on the evaluation of the current situation of the fragmentation of gold silk habitat in Shennongjia, The study on the construction of potential habitat corridors of Shennongjia golden monkey habitat shows that there are four large "source" habitat patches in Shennongjia protected area. Based on these four habitat "source" patches and using the minimum cost distance model, four potential habitat corridors of the golden monkey can be identified, which can link the existing habitat patch system of the golden monkey in Shennongjia Reserve. To promote the Shennongjia Golden Monkey to the effective use of suitable habitats. Based on the vegetation community structure of Shennongjia golden monkey suitable for habitat, eight plant allocation models of Shennongjia golden monkey habitat corridor were selected. According to the actual corridor distribution geographical environment and the ecological habits of the corresponding plant species, 8 species of Shennongjia golden monkey were selected. The plant configuration model of the habitat corridor of Shennongjia Golden Monkey was determined, which can be used to construct the habitat corridor of Shennongjia Golden Monkey.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q958.1

【参考文献】