景观片段化对千岛湖马尾松毛虫遗传多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-06-24 05:01

本文选题：千岛湖 + 遗传多样性　；参考：《浙江农林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：景观片段化是指连续、广阔的生境变成不连续的小生境的过程。景观片段化的典型例子就是人类修建水库。建造水库虽然带给人类很多利益,然而由此引发的生物多样性减少这一事实越来越受人们的重视。为了了解建造水库造成的片段化会对会对昆虫遗传多样性产生怎样的影响,2014年6-8月和2015年6-7月前往千岛湖,对选取的20个岛屿和4个大陆样点的马尾松毛虫进行了采集,并利用SSR分子标记对马尾松毛虫遗传多样性进行了研究,结果表明,马尾松毛虫种群间基因分化系数Fst在0.001-0.829之间,遗传距离D在0.005-0.615之间,有效基因位点数Ne在1.189-2.000之间,观测杂合度Ho在0.000-0.706之间,期望杂合度He在0.323-0.533之间,种群近交系数Fis的绝对值在0.094-1.000之间,香农信息指数I在0.296-0.693之间,经过Bonferroni多重比较法(sequential Bonferroni method),24个马尾松毛虫种群中有5个种群显著偏离哈温平衡;有96%的种群之间的遗传多样性已经发生了显著的变化,并且马尾松毛虫岛屿种群的遗传多样性(I=0.530)显著小于大陆种群(I=0.614)。通过分子方差分析和线性回归分析,结果表明千岛湖马尾松毛虫遗传多样性差异主要(64.09%)来源于种群间的交流,是受到岛屿大小、形状以及隔离度共同影响的结果。
[Abstract]:Landscape fragmentation refers to the process of continuous, wide habitats becoming discontinuous microhabitats. A typical example of landscape fragmentation is the construction of reservoirs. Although the construction of reservoirs brings a lot of benefits to mankind, the fact that biodiversity is reduced as a result is becoming more and more important. In order to understand the impact of fragmentation caused by reservoir construction on the genetic diversity of insects, they travelled to Qiandao Lake in June and August 2014 and June to July 2015 to collect Dendrolimus punctatus from 20 selected islands and 4 continental samples. The genetic diversity of Dendrolimus punctatus was studied by SSR markers. The results showed that the genetic differentiation coefficient of Dendrolimus punctatus was between 0.001-0.829, the genetic distance D was 0.005-0.615, and the number of effective gene sites ne was between 1.189-2.000. The observed heterozygosity Ho is between 0.000-0.706, the expected heterozygosity he is between 0.323-0.533, the absolute value of population inbred number is between 0.094-1.000, and the Shannon information index I is between 0.296-0.693. Five of the 24 population of Dendrolimus punctatus (Dendrolimus punctatus) were significantly deviated from the Harwarm equilibrium by sequential Bonferroni method), and the genetic diversity of 96% of the populations had changed significantly. The genetic diversity of the island population of Dendrolimus punctatus (I) was significantly lower than that of the continental population (I _ (0.614). The results of molecular variance analysis and linear regression analysis showed that the genetic diversity difference of Dendrolimus punctatus in Qiandao Lake (64.09%) was mainly derived from the communication between populations, which was influenced by the size, shape and isolation degree of the islands.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S763.421

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