寒地花海主题农业生态园景观规划设计

发布时间：2018-06-24 11:03

本文选题：花海 + 植物　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的持续加快,人民的生活水平不断地提高与此同时生存的压力也逐渐增加,人们对于放松身心的旅游需求得到了长足的发展。因此农业观光体验活动得到快速发展,满足了人们日益提高的对于生活质量的追求。与此同时人们逐渐意识到丰富的农业内涵之于经济、文化、政治、社会有着许多重要意义。农业结构调整有利于在缓解能源危机的同时推动新的农作物产业革命(如花卉产业)、保护农村自然生态环境、传承地方历史文化。恰逢我国花卉产业的迅速发展期,以及旅游产业与农业转型期的快速发展时期,花海主题农业生态园营运而生,实现产能结合的农业新技术、多元化的产业核心,带动农林业实现新农村转型升级。人们希望通过这些产业放松身心、养生度假、平和心态。而在我国的农业观光生态园,虽然作为一种新兴的农业产业之一,具有良好的发展前景;但是,经过20~30年的建设发展规划,其发展仍然处于起步阶段,在前期规划、产品设计、经营管理、导向需求等诸多方面存在一系列的问题,在一定程度上产业的发展受到限制与阻碍,与农林业转型升级和新农村建设的要求不相适应。近年来在中国花海景观发展迅猛,现已成为国内花卉景观构建的新潮流,一时间全国各地如雨后春笋般发展出各种样式、各种规模的花海景观,大有燎原之势。然而,大面积、大规模地快速的发展的背后,掩藏着诸多问题,若不及时进行理论与实际的分析,寻找出解决这一问题的办法,花海景观在国内的发展极有可能面临断崖式的衰退亦或大规模的消亡。本论文在研究国内外花卉景观、观光农业进展、风景园林学、生态学等相关文献的基础上,研究了花海主题农业观光生态园植物景观营造的方式方法,分析了产业经济、市场导向、色彩心理、视线视角、旅游人文等的理论,对现有的花海观光园问题进行实地调研以及案例分析。结合嫩江平原齐齐哈尔梅里斯湖花海主题农业生态园经行实例验证。研究结果如下:(1)在经过调查研究后发现现在的花海类观光园存在着许多问题,其主要原因有:建设重复,缺少地域特色;景观单一,缺少吸引力;花海观赏期短,无法保持周年经营;基础设施差,缺乏人性化思考;规划设计时缺乏生态保护意识,发现单独的花海景观发展艰难,以此为主题的综合性农业观光生态园才是其长期稳定,可持续发展的最佳选择。在规划还设计时要凸显因地制宜、以人为本、可持续发展的环保生态观点。(2)通过归纳与分析,总结出花海植物种植应以乡土树种为基调,搭配不同的形态、质感、色彩、气味、季相变化的宿根、一、二生草本花卉和观赏草营造多元稳定的自然植物群落,根据对于齐齐哈尔地区的植物调查,筛选出84种乔灌木,101种花卉,其中野生花卉66种,抗寒30种、耐荫22种,6种野生藤本植物,22种观赏草,进行野生花卉引种驯化,使用驯化后的当地花卉搭配观赏花卉遵循生物多样性原则、景观美学原则、经济性原则进行景观营造,其中选则功能性花卉64种。(3)在寒地花海主题农业生态园的建设中,充分考虑生态技术的使用。利用“3R”、“3G”技术,根据当地全年日照时间长光照充分的自然条件建造生态停车场、光伏温室,减少不可再生能源的消耗,提高经济效益的同时达到能源的可持续发展。在景观场地建设时,适当建造微地形,打造可汇集雨水的下凹绿地,道路两侧可适当设置植物边沟。做到建设景观环境的同时减少污染,提高能源利用率,减轻环境压力,获得最大的整体效益。(4)根据以构建的寒地花海主题农业生态园景观设计的理论体系,利用平原地貌优势,黑土地土壤环境优势打造新农业产业,对于处于嫩江平原地区的齐齐哈尔梅里斯湖景区总体规划设计即植物景观设计做出立足于地域、产能结合、可持续发展的具于可操作性的实例印证,更具体直观的表达出理论的外延。
[Abstract]:With the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process, the people's living standard is constantly increasing and the pressure of survival is increasing. People's demand for relaxing the body and mind has been greatly developed. Therefore, the agricultural sightseeing experience has been developed rapidly, which meets the people's daily improvement in the pursuit of quality of life. People gradually realize that the rich agricultural connotation has many important meanings in economy, culture, politics and society. The adjustment of agricultural structure helps to promote the new crop industry revolution (such as flower industry), protect the rural natural ecological environment and inherit the local historical culture at the same time of alleviating the energy crisis. It coincides with the rapid development of the flower industry in China. In the period of development, as well as the period of rapid development of the tourism industry and the transition period of agricultural transformation, the theme agricultural ecological garden of Huahai is born, and the new technology of agricultural production combined with production capacity is realized, and the core of diversified industries is the core of the agriculture and Forestry to bring about the transformation and upgrading of the new countryside. Agricultural sightseeing ecological garden, as one of the newly emerging agricultural industries, has good prospects for development; however, after 20~30 years of construction and development planning, its development is still in its infancy. There are a series of problems in many aspects, such as early planning, product design, management and demand, to a certain extent, the development of industry. The exhibition has been restricted and hindered by the transformation and upgrading of agroforestry and the requirements for the construction of new rural areas. In recent years, the landscape of the Chinese flower sea has been developing rapidly and has become a new trend in the construction of domestic flower landscape. There are many problems hidden behind the area and the rapid development of large scale. If we do not carry out the theoretical and practical analysis in time and find out the way to solve this problem, the development of Huahai landscape in China is very likely to face the decline of the cliff style or the mass extinction. On the basis of the related literature of landscape garden and ecology, this paper studies the ways and means of the plant landscape construction of the flower sea theme agricultural tourism ecological garden, analyzes the theory of industrial economy, market orientation, color psychology, sight view, tourism humanities and so on, and carries on the field investigation and case analysis on the existing problems of Huahai sightseeing garden. It combines with Nenjiang flat. The main results are as follows: (1) there are many problems in the flower sea sightseeing garden after investigation and study. The main reasons are: Construction repetition, lack of regional characteristics, single landscape, lack of attraction, short ornamental period of the flower sea, unable to maintain the annual operation; Poor basic facilities, lack of human thinking, lack of ecological protection awareness in planning and design, found that the development of a single flower landscape is difficult. The comprehensive agricultural tourism ecological garden based on this theme is the best choice for its long-term stability and sustainable development. (2) through induction and analysis, it is concluded that the planting of flower plants should be based on local tree species, with different forms, texture, color, odor, and seasonal change of the perennial root, one, two raw herbs and ornamental grass to create a multi stable natural plant community. According to the plant investigation in Qigihar area, 84 kinds of Joe irrigation are screened. Wood and 101 kinds of flowers, including 66 kinds of wild flowers, 30 kinds of cold resistant, 22 shade tolerant, 6 wild vines, 22 kinds of ornamental grass, the introduction and domestication of wild flowers, the use of domesticated local flowers and ornamental flowers to follow the principle of biodiversity, landscape aesthetics principle and economic principle, among which 64 kinds of functional flowers are selected. (3) In the construction of the theme agro ecological garden in the cold flower sea, the use of ecological technology is fully considered. Using "3R" and "3G" technology, the ecological parking field is built according to the full natural conditions of the sunshine in the whole year, and the photovoltaic greenhouse is built to reduce the consumption of non renewable energy, and to improve the economic benefit and achieve the sustainable development of energy. When the landscape site is built, the micro terrain is properly built to create a concave green space which can collect rainwater. The sides of the road can be properly set on both sides of the road. The landscape environment can be constructed to reduce pollution, improve the energy utilization rate, reduce the environmental pressure and obtain the maximum overall benefit. (4) according to the construction of the theme agro ecological landscape of the cold flower sea. The theoretical system of view design makes use of the advantages of plain geomorphology and the advantages of the black soil and soil environment to create a new agricultural industry. For the overall planning and design of the Qigihar Maurice Lake Scenic Area in the Nenjiang plain area, that is, the plant landscape design, which is based on the region, the combination of production capacity, and the sustainable development, is more specific and more specific. Intuitively express the extension of the theory.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU986.5

【参考文献】