杭州西湖孤山景区植物景观调查与分析

发布时间：2018-06-30 10:42

本文选题：西湖孤山 + 园林植物景观　；参考：《浙江农林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以杭州西湖孤山景区为研究对象,以实地调查的数据为基础,运用群落生态学原理,分析园林植物科属分布、主要物种频度以及主要物种重要值等指数,总结园林植物数量特征;分析植物群落郁闭度、垂直结构、物种多样性指数,总结园林植物群落多样性特征,对不同生活型的园林植物多样性进行分析对比;对孤山景区中各季节观花、观果等类型的植物进行调查统计,分析其季相变化情况,同时根据植物配置艺术、植物围合程度等因素,结合实际案例,绘制平面图,分析各种类型园林植物景观空间的配置理念与手法,总结出孤山植物空间营造特点;主要研究结论如下:(1)选取18个样地进行调查,对调查范围内的每一株植物进行记录,分析园林植物组成情况,调查结果如下:孤山内主要有203种园林植物(含变种和栽培种),其中乔木共80种,灌木共48种,藤本12种,草本地被52种,竹类植物4种,水生植物2种,其它及蕨类5种。隶属于81科158属203种。群落内的植物配置较为丰富。乔木层植物种类丰富,落叶常绿植物搭配较好,灌木层植物种类明显不足,地被植物也较为丰富。(2)对孤山园林植物群落进行多样性分析,分析结果如下:山脊、山坡区域植物群落郁闭度总体较高,山麓处的郁闭度相对较低,疏林草地较多,为游人提供活动场所;乔、灌、草的Margalef物种丰富度指数平均值为1.48;Simpson优势度指数平均值为0.671;Shannon-Weiner多样性指数平均值为1.523;Pielou均匀度指数平均值为0.721。植物群落在整体上表现出多样性,灌木层多样性低于乔木层、草本层。(3)景区四季分明,观赏效果较好,春季开花植物较多,以红、黄为主;夏季开花植物种类较少,以绿荫居多。秋季色叶植物、观果类植物较多,色叶植物颜色以黄、红居多,其中观果类以红色为主。冬季植物则注重形态美。(4)依据植物的围合程度对孤山植物景观空间进行分类,从植物艺术配置的角度研究孤山景区中的经典景点植物景观空间、典型植物景观空间,同时对植物与建筑、水体、道路、山石、其他造园要素的景观空间组合进行了详细分析,总结出孤山植物景观空间构成手法和特点。
[Abstract]:Taking Gushan scenic spot of West Lake in Hangzhou as the research object, based on the field investigation data and using the community ecology principle, this paper analyzes the distribution of the family and genus of garden plants, the frequency of the main species and the index of the important value of the main species. Summing up the quantitative characteristics of garden plants, analyzing the canopy density, vertical structure, species diversity index, summing up the diversity characteristics of garden plant communities, and analyzing and comparing the diversity of garden plants of different life forms. This paper makes an investigation and statistics of plants in Gushan Scenic spot, such as flowers and fruits, and analyzes the seasonal variation of plants. According to the factors such as the art of plant configuration, the degree of plant encirclement and other factors, and combining with actual cases, the plane map is drawn. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) 18 plots are selected to investigate and record each plant in the scope of investigation. The results are as follows: there are 203 species of garden plants (including varieties and cultivated species) in Gushan, including 80 species of trees, 48 species of shrubs, 12 species of lianas, 52 species of herbs and 4 species of bamboo. There are 2 species of aquatic plants and 5 species of other ferns. It belongs to 203 species belonging to 158 genera of 81 families. The plant configuration in the community is relatively rich. The species of Arbor layer plants is rich, the evergreen leaves are well collocated, the species of shrub layer plants are obviously insufficient, and the ground cover plants are also relatively rich. (2) the diversity of plant communities in Gushan garden is analyzed, the results are as follows: ridge, In the hillside region, the canopy density of plant community is relatively high, the canopy density is relatively low at the foothills, and there are more open forests and grasslands, which provide a place for visitors; The average value of Margalef species richness index was 1.48% Simpson dominance index. The average value of Shannon-Weiner diversity index was 0.671. The average value of Shannon-Weiner diversity index was 1.523 Pielou evenness index and the average value was 0.721. The diversity of the plant community was lower than that of the tree layer and the herbaceous layer. (3) there were four distinct seasons in the scenic area, the ornamental effect was better, there were more flowering plants in spring, mainly red and yellow, and there were few flowering plants in summer. Most of them are in the shade. There are many color foliage plants in autumn, and yellow and red color in color leaf plants, among them, red is the main color. In winter, plants focus on the beauty of morphology. (4) according to the degree of plant inclusion, the plant landscape space of Gushan Mountain is classified, and the classical scenic spot plant landscape space and typical plant landscape space in Gushan Scenic area are studied from the point of view of plant art configuration. At the same time, the landscape space combination of plant and architecture, water body, road, mountain stone and other landscape elements are analyzed in detail, and the composing techniques and characteristics of plant landscape space in Gushan are summarized.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S688

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