生态设计方法在现代住区景观设计中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 14:08

【摘要】：21世纪,环境问题诸如水资源匮乏及污染、空气污染、土地退化等已成为全球性的威胁。而随着环境的不断恶化,生态思想也在逐渐普及。生态文化正在迈进现代城市的各个领域,在环境问题日益突出的今天,生态化的理念已日渐深入人心,并逐渐渗透到人们的日常生活和工作当中。可持续发展已经成为当今人类对未来发展模式的共识。住区作为人类生存、生活的主要场所,随着人们对环境问题的重视住区户外景观也成为评价人居环境的重要指标。营造绿色的、健康的生态住区景观已经成为了人们共同关注的话题。本文从生态的角度出发,研究住区的景观设计,结合住区建设和开发的实际情况,探讨如何将生态理念和方法运用到住区设计中,如何建设舒适、便捷、可持续发展的人居环境。论文首先介绍了生态学、景观生态学的概念和景观生态学的理论基础,包括生态进化与生态演替理论;空间分异性与生物多样性理论;景观异质性与异质共生理论;生态建设与生态区位理论;尺度效应与自然等级组织理论;生物地球化学与景观地球化学理论;岛屿生物地理与空间镶嵌理论。然后又介绍了生态设计的概念和生态设计基本原理。分析住区环境的特点:人为活动的主导性和控制性;生态系统的开放性和不稳定性;居住区景观的单一性和脆弱性。之后又分析了住区建设的现状,提出了目前我国住区景观设计中存在的问题。结合景观生态学原理和住区环境特点总结住区景观生态设计中应遵循的原则,景观设计的整体性原则;生态性原则;可持续性原则;人性化原则;地方性原则。在此基础上通过对现状的分析提出对空间营造、水景布置、绿化配置、交通停车、垃圾分类等方面的一些方法建议,目的是将住区开发建设过程中对周围环境的影响降到最低,维持原场地的生态平衡,使住区与所处地域的原生态环境相互适应、和谐共处,协调人与自然、人与环境之间的关系,发挥自然系统的能动性,充分发掘景观的生态功能,在住区内形成良性循环的生态系统。并以保定市的几个小区景观为实例调查对象,分析各个小区的景观现状,评价其优点和不足,作为我们以后设计住区景观的参考。
[Abstract]:In the 21st century, environmental problems such as water scarcity and pollution, air pollution and land degradation have become global threats. With the deterioration of the environment, ecological thinking is gradually popularizing. Ecological culture is stepping into every field of modern city. Today, the environmental problem is more and more prominent, the concept of ecology has become more and more popular, and gradually permeated into people's daily life and work. Sustainable development has become the consensus of the future development model. As the main place for human survival and living, residential outdoor landscape has become an important index to evaluate human settlement environment with the attention of people to environmental problems. Creating green and healthy ecological residential landscape has become a common topic of concern. From the ecological point of view, this paper studies the landscape design of residential area, and discusses how to apply the ecological concept and method to the residential area design, how to build comfortable and convenient, combined with the actual situation of residential area construction and development. Sustainable development of human settlements Firstly, this paper introduces the concepts of ecology, landscape ecology and the theoretical basis of landscape ecology, including the theory of ecological evolution and ecological succession, the theory of spatial differentiation and biodiversity, the theory of landscape heterogeneity and heterogeneity, the theory of symbiosis of landscape heterogeneity and heterogeneity. Ecological construction and ecological location theory; scale effect and natural grade organization theory; biogeochemistry and landscape geochemistry theory; island biogeography and spatial mosaic theory. Then it introduces the concept of ecological design and the basic principle of ecological design. This paper analyzes the characteristics of residential environment: the dominant and controlling nature of human activities, the openness and instability of ecosystem, and the singularity and fragility of residential landscape. Then it analyzes the present situation of residential area construction and puts forward the existing problems in the landscape design of residential area in our country. Combined with the principles of landscape ecology and the characteristics of residential environment, this paper summarizes the principles that should be followed in the landscape ecological design of residential areas, such as the holistic principle of landscape design; the principle of ecology; the principle of sustainability; the principle of humanization; the principle of locality. On this basis, through the analysis of the present situation, the paper puts forward some suggestions on space construction, waterscape layout, greening configuration, traffic parking, garbage classification and so on, in order to minimize the impact on the surrounding environment in the process of residential development and construction. To maintain the ecological balance of the original site, to make the settlements and the original ecological environment of the region adapt to each other, to coexist harmoniously, to coordinate the relationship between the environment and nature, to give play to the dynamic role of the natural system, and to fully explore the ecological functions of the landscape, A virtuous circle of ecosystems is formed in residential areas. Taking the landscape of several residential areas in Baoding City as an example, this paper analyzes the landscape status of each district, evaluates its advantages and disadvantages, and serves as a reference for the design of residential landscape in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.12

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