珠三角地区现代植物墙的调查与分析

发布时间：2018-08-11 15:15

【摘要】：随着我国城市化进程的加快,造成城市用地紧张,绿化面积越来越少,随之而来的是热岛效应、噪声污染、雾霾(PM2.5)等各种生态环境问题。因此,在平面空间有限的条件下,形式多样的垂直绿化就显得尤为重要。近年来,珠三角地区特别是广州、深圳和珠海市的现代植物墙发展呈现良好的态势,无论是植物墙种类、数量与规模、使用植物种类、养护管理等方面都有一定特色。为此,有必要通过对珠三角室内外现代植物墙的调查与分析,一方面是挖掘珠三角现代植物墙在植物选择、框架设计、基质配置、灌溉系统及营造方面的特色;另一方面,是发现不足之处,为解决这些问题寻找“良方”,以便为其它城市的植物墙的健康发展提供参考或指导意见。通过实地调研、走访,记录了室内外植物墙应用的栽培植物种类、种植模块、栽培基质、灌溉系统以及整体的景观效果。然后运用Yaahp10软件进行分析,经过模型建立、数据输入、分析计算得出排序结果。主要结果如下:1珠三角地区室内植物墙调查分析结果:1)排名前5位的植物有口红花(Aeschynanthus pulche)、绿萝(Epipremnum aureum)、邦德粗肋草(Aglaonema commutatun‘Bond’)、孔雀开屏(A.commutatun‘Peacock’)、金钻蔓绿绒(Philodendron‘con-go’)等,植物种类相对较少,造景单一;2)5种栽培基质中,排名前2位的是Puffcal和泥炭土+珍珠岩,效果最差的基质是泥土;3)在灌溉系统中,滴灌系统最优,其次是喷灌系统,人工浇灌为最差;4)种植模块以塑料盒种植效果最佳,优于毛毯式。2珠三角地区室外植物墙调查分析结果:1)排名前15的植物种类是山矾(Symplocos caudata)、鸭脚木(Schefflera octophylla(Lour.)Harms)、紫杯苋(Altemanthera ficoidea‘Ruliginosa’)、雪花木(Breynia nivosa)、油点木(Dracaena surculosa‘Maculata’)、山指甲(Ligustrum sinense Lour.)、金光变叶木(Codiaeum variegatum‘Chrysophyllum’)、泰国龙船花(Ixora chinensis Lam.)、水鬼蕉(Hymenocallis littoralis(Jacq.)Scalisb.)、薜荔(Ficus pumila Linn.)、花叶鸭脚木(Schefflera odorata‘variegata’)、花叶扶桑(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var.variegata)、九里香(Murraya exotica L.)、龟背竹(Monstera deliciosa Liebm.)、天门冬(Asparagus densiflorus‘Sprengeri’)、金钻蔓绿绒(P.‘con-go’)、绿萝(E.aureum)。排名后10名的植物种类是花叶良姜(Alpinia sanderae Hort.)、金边吊兰(Chlorophytum comosum‘variegatum’)、肾蕨(Nephrolepis auriculata)、绿叶朱焦(Cordyline fruticosa(L.)Goepp.'Ti')、黄杨(Buxus sinica(Rehd.et Wils.)Cheng)、朱焦(C.fruticosa(L.)A.Cheval)、吊竹梅(Zebrina pendula Schnizl)、鸢尾(Iris tectorum Maxim.)、萼距花(Cuphea hookeriana Walp.)、红桑(Acalypha wikesiana);2)基质种类中,排名前3的是混合基质,如泥炭+泥土+陶粒+珍珠岩、泥炭+陶粒+珍珠岩、泥炭+陶粒。排名后3的基质种类是泥土+沙、纯泥土、泥土+陶粒;3)种植模块系统最优的是塑料定植盒+海绵,最差的是塑料定植槽;4)灌溉系统中,逐次单元滴灌最优,其次是顶端灌溉,人工灌溉最差。虽然,珠三角地区植物墙发展较快,具有植物墙类型多样、应用植物种类繁多、基质种类多样等特色。但存在问题也不少,如普遍存在的技术问题;植物配置不当,景观欠佳;重建设,轻管理;产品专业程度不够,技术水平低;对植物墙种类的设计与选择、植物设计与选择与灌溉系统的改进等提出了合理化建议。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the urban land is in short supply and the greening area is becoming less and less. Thermal island effect, noise pollution, haze (PM2.5) and other ecological environment problems are followed. Therefore, under the condition of limited plane space, the vertical greening in various forms is particularly important. The development of modern plant walls in Zhuhai, Shenzhen and Zhouhai has shown a good trend, which is characterized by the variety, quantity and scale of plant walls, the use of plant species, and the maintenance and management. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and analyze the indoor and outdoor modern plant walls in the Pearl River Delta. On the one hand, it is necessary to excavate the modern plant walls in the Pearl River Delta for plant selection. On the other hand, it is to find out the shortcomings and find "good solutions" for solving these problems, so as to provide reference or guidance for the healthy development of plant walls in other cities. The main results are as follows: 1. Investigation and analysis of indoor plant walls in the Pearl River Delta region: 1) Top 5 plants are Aeschynanthus pulche, green. Epipremnum aureum, Aglaonema commutatun `Bond', A. commutatun `Peacock', Philodendron `con-go', etc., have relatively few plant species and single landscaping; 2) Puffcal and peat + perlite are the top two of the five cultivation substrates, and the worst substrate is soil; In the irrigation system, drip irrigation system is the best, followed by sprinkler irrigation system, artificial irrigation is the worst; 4) plastic box planting module is the best, better than blanket. 2 Pearl River Delta outdoor plant wall survey results: 1) Top 15 plant species are Symplocos caudata, Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms, purple Altemanthera ficoidea `Ruliginosa', Breynia nivosa, Dracaena surculosa `Maculata', Ligustrum sinense Lour., Codiaeum variegatum `Chrysophyllum', Ixora chinensis Lam., Hymenocallis Scalisb., and Puccinellia, etc. Litchi (Ficus pumila Linn.), Schefflera odorata `variegata', Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. variegata, Murraya exotica L., Monstera deliciosa Liebm., Asparagus densiflorus `Sprengeri', Golden diamond vine green velvet (P. `con go'), and green carrot (E. aureum). Ten species of plants were Alpinia sanderae Hort., Chlorophytum comosum'variegatum', Nephrolepis auriculata, Cordyline fruticosa (L.) Goepp.'Ti', Buxus Sinica (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng, C. fruticosa (L.) A. Cheval, Zebrina, Schpendula, etc. Iris tectorum Maxim., Cuphea hookeriana Walp., Acalypha wikesiana; 2) Mixed substrates, such as peat + clay + ceramsite + perlite, peat + ceramsite + perlite, peat + ceramsite, peat + ceramsite. The latter three substrates were soil + sand, pure clay, clay + ceramsite; 3) the best planting system. Plastic planting box + sponge is the worst, plastic planting trough is the worst; 4) In the irrigation system, successive unit drip irrigation is the best, followed by top irrigation, artificial irrigation is the worst. The existing technical problems, improper plant allocation, poor landscape, reconstruction, light management, insufficient product professionalism, low technical level, the design and selection of plant wall types, plant design and selection and improvement of irrigation system were put forward rationalization proposals.
【学位授予单位】：仲恺农业工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S688

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