秦岭北麓太平河平原段植物群落配置模式研究
发布时间：2018-08-14 11:15
【摘要】：近年来,由于各种不合理的开发建设,秦岭北麓太平河流域的生态资源受到严重破坏,河道“渠化”、污染,造成河岸廊道内的植物群落逐渐退化,影响了秦岭北麓太平河生态系统的良性循环。由于太平河山地段相关研究较多,而平原段研究甚少,所以本文对秦岭北麓太平河平原段的研究具有重要意义。河流植被作为最重要的自然“本底”,在维护河流生态系统稳定,满足生态功能,形成地域特色的景观文化方面有着重要作用。由于河流两岸是自然要素密集,人文情怀浓厚,生态过程丰富敏感的区域,因而在自然过程与人为干扰的双重作用下,如何使沿岸植被生态景观在人工化,生态化进程中发挥最大的生态效益,社会效益和经济效益显得尤为重要。[1]所以,为了保障秦岭北麓太平河平原段生态效益、社会效益和经济效益的全面发展,应该对被破坏的河流廊道进行科学合理的近自然恢复,构建出适合秦岭北麓太平河平原段河流廊道的植物配置模式。首先,在此背景下对秦岭太平河自然地理环境、水、植物、森林、土地、矿产资源概况做一简要论述,选取秦岭北麓太平河平原段内相对稳定的典型植物群落,结合秦岭北麓太平河平原段的特殊地理环境,通过阅读文献资料、结合实地调研等研究方法,分析秦岭北麓太平河平原段两岸植物群落的现状,包括物种组成、群落类型、群落结构、植被分布规律,在植物生态学理论指导下,探明秦岭北麓太平河平原段植物群落配置模式现状。其次,根据以上研究分析为基础,从物种组成、群落结构、配置模式等方面对太平河平原段河道“渠化”段、过渡段和“非渠化”段进行对比,具体问题具体分析,探索出造成不同地段植物群落空间异质性的主要原因是由于水文因素的差异。随后用科学的方法综合评价秦岭北麓太平河平原段植物群落,揭示出秦岭北麓太平河平原段植物群落配置模式目前存在的问题:树种单一、群落结构简单、林冠结构变异大、结构层次简单等。最后,通过研究,针对秦岭北麓太平河平原段具体情况,找出其内在的问题后,依据优化原则,构建出解决太平河平原段植物群落配置模式相关问题的策略方法:在研究区增加乡土树种,提高植物群落的物种组成、改善植物群落的结构,使植物群落保持相对的稳定性;加大适应值高的建群种、优势种及其他乡土物种的比例,提高植物群落的自然度;增加在人工群落中大规格的乡土乔木的数量,提高植物群落的覆盖度,优化植物群落结构,注重考虑高、中、低等级植物的个体数和物种分布概况;在植物群落结构层次缺失的地段,人工植物群落需要进行乔灌草藤复层结构的完善,调整群落中不同层次植物的密度,提高人工植物群落的多样性、丰富度、均匀度和垂直结构的自然度,以达到植物群落的稳定性,进而构建多种功能型植物群落配置模式。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to various unreasonable development and construction, the ecological resources of Taiping River Basin at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains have been seriously destroyed, and the river channels have been "channeled" and polluted, resulting in the gradual degradation of plant communities in the riverbank corridors. It affects the virtuous circle of Taiping River ecosystem at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. Because there are many related studies in Taiping River and Mountain area, but there are few researches in plain section, so this paper is of great significance to the study of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. As the most important natural background, river vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the stability of river ecosystem, satisfying ecological function and forming landscape culture with regional characteristics. As both sides of the river are regions with dense natural elements, strong humanistic feelings and rich and sensitive ecological processes, how to make the ecological landscape of coastal vegetation artificial under the dual action of natural process and human disturbance, In order to ensure the overall development of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit in the Taiping River plain section at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, the ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits are all the more important. The damaged corridor of the river should be restored scientifically and reasonably, and a plant allocation model suitable for the corridor of Taiping River in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains should be constructed. First of all, in this context, the natural geographical environment, water, plants, forests, land and mineral resources of the Taiping River in Qinling Mountains are briefly discussed, and a relatively stable typical plant community in the Taiping River plain at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains is selected. Combined with the special geographical environment of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, this paper analyzes the present situation of plant communities on both sides of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, including species composition and community types, through reading literature and field investigation. Under the guidance of plant ecology theory, the present situation of plant community allocation model in Taiping River plain in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains has been proved under the guidance of community structure and vegetation distribution law. Secondly, on the basis of the above research and analysis, from the species composition, the community structure, the disposition pattern and so on, carries on the comparison to the Taiping River plain section channel "canal" section, the transition section and the "non-canal" section, the concrete question concrete analysis, It is found that the main reason for the spatial heterogeneity of plant communities in different areas is the difference of hydrological factors. Then the plant communities of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains were evaluated by scientific method, which revealed the existing problems in the plant community allocation model of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains: single tree species, simple community structure and great variation of forest canopy structure. The structure is simple and so on. Finally, through the research, according to the specific situation of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, after finding out its inherent problems, according to the optimization principle, The strategies and methods to solve the problems related to the pattern of plant community allocation in Taiping River Plain were established. In the study area, the species composition of the plant community and the structure of the plant community were increased, and the relative stability of the plant community was maintained. Increase the proportion of species, dominant species and other native species with high adaptive value to increase the naturalness of plant community, increase the number of large scale local trees in artificial community, increase the coverage of plant community, optimize the structure of plant community, Attention should be paid to the number of individuals and species distribution of high, middle and low grade plants. In the areas where the structure of plant communities is missing, artificial plant communities need to improve the structure of tree, shrub and rattan layers and adjust the density of plants at different levels in the community. The diversity, richness, evenness and natural degree of vertical structure of the artificial plant community were improved to achieve the stability of the plant community and to construct the configuration model of various functional plant communities.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q948
本文编号：2182675
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to various unreasonable development and construction, the ecological resources of Taiping River Basin at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains have been seriously destroyed, and the river channels have been "channeled" and polluted, resulting in the gradual degradation of plant communities in the riverbank corridors. It affects the virtuous circle of Taiping River ecosystem at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. Because there are many related studies in Taiping River and Mountain area, but there are few researches in plain section, so this paper is of great significance to the study of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. As the most important natural background, river vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the stability of river ecosystem, satisfying ecological function and forming landscape culture with regional characteristics. As both sides of the river are regions with dense natural elements, strong humanistic feelings and rich and sensitive ecological processes, how to make the ecological landscape of coastal vegetation artificial under the dual action of natural process and human disturbance, In order to ensure the overall development of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit in the Taiping River plain section at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, the ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits are all the more important. The damaged corridor of the river should be restored scientifically and reasonably, and a plant allocation model suitable for the corridor of Taiping River in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains should be constructed. First of all, in this context, the natural geographical environment, water, plants, forests, land and mineral resources of the Taiping River in Qinling Mountains are briefly discussed, and a relatively stable typical plant community in the Taiping River plain at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains is selected. Combined with the special geographical environment of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, this paper analyzes the present situation of plant communities on both sides of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, including species composition and community types, through reading literature and field investigation. Under the guidance of plant ecology theory, the present situation of plant community allocation model in Taiping River plain in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains has been proved under the guidance of community structure and vegetation distribution law. Secondly, on the basis of the above research and analysis, from the species composition, the community structure, the disposition pattern and so on, carries on the comparison to the Taiping River plain section channel "canal" section, the transition section and the "non-canal" section, the concrete question concrete analysis, It is found that the main reason for the spatial heterogeneity of plant communities in different areas is the difference of hydrological factors. Then the plant communities of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains were evaluated by scientific method, which revealed the existing problems in the plant community allocation model of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains: single tree species, simple community structure and great variation of forest canopy structure. The structure is simple and so on. Finally, through the research, according to the specific situation of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, after finding out its inherent problems, according to the optimization principle, The strategies and methods to solve the problems related to the pattern of plant community allocation in Taiping River Plain were established. In the study area, the species composition of the plant community and the structure of the plant community were increased, and the relative stability of the plant community was maintained. Increase the proportion of species, dominant species and other native species with high adaptive value to increase the naturalness of plant community, increase the number of large scale local trees in artificial community, increase the coverage of plant community, optimize the structure of plant community, Attention should be paid to the number of individuals and species distribution of high, middle and low grade plants. In the areas where the structure of plant communities is missing, artificial plant communities need to improve the structure of tree, shrub and rattan layers and adjust the density of plants at different levels in the community. The diversity, richness, evenness and natural degree of vertical structure of the artificial plant community were improved to achieve the stability of the plant community and to construct the configuration model of various functional plant communities.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q948
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 温远光,元昌安,李信贤,和太平,赖家业,黄棉;大明山中山植被恢复过程植物物种多样性的变化[J];植物生态学报;1998年01期
，本文编号：2182675
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