顾绣的审美特征及其与书画艺术的关系

发布时间：2018-08-19 13:42

【摘要】：顾绣作为书画艺术影响下的一种介于绘画和刺绣之间的艺术性的画绣,是我国传统刺绣艺术文化中的一朵奇葩。自2006年顾绣申遗成功以后,顾绣研究更是受到人们的广泛关注。其中,绣画关系的研究是目前顾绣研究需要突破的关键之一。一般顾绣研究在谈到顾绣与绘画的关系时都谈得比较简略,但是具体而言顾绣如何受到书画艺术的影响,在书画艺术的影响下又呈现出怎样的审美特征,研究者们则往往是一笔带过,没有充分的分析和研究。所以本文将抓住顾绣与书画艺术的关系,从此入手去分析顾绣的审美特征。本文第一部分首先考察了顾绣产生的社会背景与工艺环境,明确了文人介入手工业、工商业领域及文人趣味的广泛流行为顾绣的产生创造了良好的时代氛围。其次考察了顾绣产生的以顾氏家庭为中心的文人圈,明确了文人的活动与审美趣味对顾绣的产生的直接影响。最后,抓住文人趣味对顾绣的影响,分析了顾绣与文人趣味的关系,明确了顾绣与文人艺术——书画艺术的直接关系,为具体分析书画艺术影响下顾绣的审美特征打下基础。第二部分,抓住书画艺术在题材上对顾绣的影响,考察了顾绣题材文化之美的审美特征,首先明确了顾绣受文人画影响表现出文人对出世隐逸逍遥、入世济世功名,以及获得人格、精神的独立与自由的文人理想追求。其次明确了顾绣受非文人画影响的世俗理想追求。一是希望爱情美满、婚姻和谐、多子多孙,二是希望生活富贵美好、健康长寿、平安吉祥,三是希望通过宗教修行,种善因得善果,脱离苦海,获得福报。第三部分,抓住书画艺术在表现技巧上对顾绣的影响,考察了顾绣在工艺技巧上的审美特征。首先明确了顾绣不仅是外在形式上将“画”与“绣”两种艺术语言结合,力求更好的表现作品,还在内部绣理上暗合画理,追求书画的笔墨效果。它通过“以绣为笔墨”和“以绣为笔,以画为墨”的两种具体方法使顾绣作品由内而外都具有一种画绣结合的技艺之美。其次明确了顾绣为追求写生效果,极力的表现事物的光泽、立体感以及事物的真实纹理,从而具有了以绣摹真的技艺之美。第四部分,抓住书画艺术在审美风格上对顾绣的影响,考察了顾绣在书画艺术影响下的三种艺术风格,即:文人画影响下形成的简淡空灵的风格,院体画影响下形成的典雅秀丽的风格,以及女性绘画影响下形成的纤秀清幽的风格。最后一部分,在把握了顾绣的审美特征及其如何形成的基础上,首先明晰了顾绣现代传承的价值,它是我们保护传统文化、保持中国艺术特色的重要使命,有深刻的文化价值、艺术价值和社会价值。然后对顾绣现代传承由于时代变化和缺乏优秀继承者而产生的困境进行反思,并借助顾绣走出顾绣家庭以后传承的得失情况获得启发,明确顾绣现代传承的关键是:抓住顾绣从书画艺术中获得的艺术生命才是其最重要的艺术追求,以及艺术精神和艺术修养才是顾绣传承者要努力的方向,希望对顾绣的现代传承有所启发。
[Abstract]:Gu embroidery, as an artistic embroidery between painting and embroidery, is a wonderful flower in the traditional Chinese embroidery art and culture. Since the successful application of Gu embroidery in 2006, the study of Gu embroidery has attracted widespread attention. 1. The general study of Gu embroidery is relatively brief when it comes to the relationship between Gu embroidery and painting, but specifically, how Gu embroidery is influenced by the art of painting and calligraphy, and what kind of aesthetic characteristics it presents under the influence of the art of painting and calligraphy, researchers are often a brush stroke, not enough analysis and research. In the first part of this paper, the social background and technological environment of Gu embroidery are investigated. It is clear that the widespread popularity of literati's involvement in handicraft industry, industry and Commerce and literati's interest create a good atmosphere for the emergence of Gu embroidery. Gu's family-centered circle of literati clearly defines the direct impact of literati's activities and aesthetic tastes on Gu embroidery. Finally, by grasping the influence of literati's tastes on Gu embroidery, this paper analyzes the relationship between Gu embroidery and literati's tastes, and clarifies the direct relationship between Gu embroidery and literati's art-calligraphy and painting art. The second part, grasping the influence of calligraphy and painting on Gu embroidery, investigates the aesthetic characteristics of the cultural beauty of Gu embroidery. Firstly, it clarifies that Gu embroidery is influenced by literati painting and shows literati's pursuit of seclusion and leisure, economic fame, personality, spiritual independence and freedom. Secondly, it clarifies Gu embroidery's pursuit of secular ideals influenced by non-literati paintings. First, he hopes to have a happy love, a harmonious marriage, many children and grandchildren. Second, he hopes to live a prosperous, healthy and long life. Third, he hopes to achieve good results through religious practice, get rid of the sea of hardship, and obtain blessings. First of all, it is clear that Gu embroidery is not only the combination of "painting" and "embroidery" in external form, but also the pursuit of ink and brush effect in calligraphy and painting through "embroidery as brush and ink" and "embroidery as embroidery as brush". The two specific methods of "painting as ink" make Gu embroidery have a kind of artistic beauty of combining painting and embroidery from inside to outside. Secondly, it makes clear that Gu embroidery is the pursuit of writing effect, and strives to express the luster of things, three-dimensional sense and the true texture of things, thus having the beauty of the art of imitating with embroidery. The influence of aesthetic style on Gu's embroidery is investigated. The three artistic styles of Gu's embroidery under the influence of calligraphy and painting are as follows: the simple and spiritual style formed under the influence of literati painting, the elegant and beautiful style formed under the influence of courtyard painting, and the delicate and quiet style formed under the influence of female painting. On the basis of characteristics and how they are formed, the value of Gu embroidery's modern inheritance is first clarified. It is an important mission for us to protect traditional culture and maintain Chinese artistic characteristics. It has profound cultural value, artistic value and social value. Reflections, and with the help of Gu embroidery out of the Gu embroidery family after the inheritance of the gain and loss of inspiration, clear Gu embroidery modern inheritance of the key is to grasp the art of Gu embroidery from the art of painting and calligraphy is the most important artistic pursuit, as well as artistic spirit and artistic accomplishment is Gu embroidery inheritors to strive for the direction of hope for modern Gu embroidery Inheritance is enlightening.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J523.6

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