基于生物多样性保护的广西北部湾经济区景观格局优化
发布时间：2018-08-22 11:05
【摘要】：广西北部湾经济区是我国东南开放开发的新热点,是我国与东南亚经贸联系的前沿核心地区。自从《广西北部湾经济区发展规划》在2008年获得国家批准之后,大规模的投资和各类工程项目建设一直在加速,大片林地和耕地被侵占用于建设用地,侵占了生物生境,造成整个区域景观结构及其空间格局的大规模改变,使生物多样性受到威胁。因此,了解当前该地区的生物多样性现状以及如何施加保护是一个亟待解决的问题。鉴于此背景,本文选取整个广西北部湾经济区作为研究区,以1990年、2001年和2009年三期的TM影像为主要数据源,采用“3S”技术,运用景观生态学理论,通过选取景观指数计算对研究区近20年来的景观格局变化进行分析。然后选取了物种濒危程度、景观多样性指数、生境类型及自然保护区类型四个准则层构建了生物多样性丰富度评价体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)计算各指标权重对生物多样性现状进行了评价。最后,基于景观生态流的累计耗费距离模型,在研究区内确立了生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点等景观要素,构建了有利于生物多样性保护和维持的网络。结果表明:1.林地和耕地是研究区最主要的两种斑块类型,两者面积之和占总面积的将近95%,占据绝对优势;从变化上看,1990-2009年,该区斑块面积变化最明显的是建设用地的扩大和草地的减少,建设用地面积增加了近6倍,草地和未利用地面积分别减少了近60%和62.3%;研究区景观破碎化程度不断加大,三个时期的景观破碎度指数分别为0.033、0.038和0.048,各斑块类型的破碎度不断加大,特别是耕地和林地受干扰强度强,破碎化程度增加很快,且2001年后增速明显,景观破碎化对区域生态环境及生物多样性保护带来了极大挑战。2.研究区生物多样性丰富区主要分布在西南部的上思县、龙州县,凭祥市,北部的马山县、上林县,东部的浦北县等地,城镇、建设用地和海岸线一带区域为最不丰富区。其中极丰富区面积1287.7km2,占经济区总面积的1.8%,较丰富区面积2347.3km2,占经济区总面积3.2%,丰富区面积8665.4km2,占经济区总面积12%,一般丰富区面积29624km2,占经济区总面积40.8%,不丰富区面积30712.4km2,占经济区总面积42.2%。3.从促进景观生态流的畅通运行角度在研究区确立了18个林地斑块和6个水体斑块作为生态源地,构建了47条生态廊道和35个生态节点,以点线面的方式构建了利于生物多样性维持的保护网络。提出的优化措施是对于生态源地要以保护现有核心生态斑块为主,避免周边土地开发对其造成干扰;对于今后的廊道建设应加强东西方向的连接。这一保护网络可以为区域发展规划提供科学参考,明确土地开发过程中生物多样性保护的避让区域,以更有效地保护区域生物多样性。
[Abstract]:Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone is a new hot spot in southeast China's open development and the core area of economic and trade relations between China and Southeast Asia. Since the "Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone Development Plan" was approved by the state in 2008, large-scale investment and construction of various engineering projects have been accelerating. Large areas of woodland and cultivated land have been encroached on for construction purposes, encroaching on biological habitats, The regional landscape structure and its spatial pattern are changed on a large scale, and biodiversity is threatened. Therefore, understanding the current status of biodiversity in the region and how to protect it is an urgent problem. In view of this background, this paper selects the whole Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi as the research area, takes the TM images of 1990, 2001 and 2009 as the main data sources, adopts "3s" technology, and applies the theory of landscape ecology. The landscape pattern changes in recent 20 years in the study area were analyzed by selecting the landscape index. Then, the biodiversity richness evaluation system was constructed by selecting four criteria layers: endangered degree of species, landscape diversity index, habitat type and nature reserve type. The present status of biodiversity was evaluated by using AHP (AHP) to calculate the weight of each index. Finally, based on the cumulative cost distance model of landscape ecological flow, the landscape elements such as ecological source, ecological corridor and ecological node are established in the study area, and a network conducive to the conservation and maintenance of biodiversity is constructed. The result shows that 1: 1. Forest land and cultivated land are the two most important patch types in the study area, and the sum of the two areas accounts for nearly 95 percent of the total area, accounting for the absolute dominance; from 1990 to 2009, the most obvious change of the patch area in this area is the expansion of the construction land and the decrease of the grassland. The area of construction land increased by nearly 6 times, the area of grassland and unused land decreased by nearly 60% and 62.3% respectively, and the degree of landscape fragmentation in the study area increased continuously. The landscape fragmentation index of the three periods was 0.033, 0.038 and 0.048, respectively. The fragmentation degree of each patch type was increasing continuously, especially the intensity of disturbance on cultivated land and woodland was strong, the degree of fragmentation increased rapidly, and the growth rate was obvious after 2001. Landscape fragmentation brings great challenge to regional ecological environment and biodiversity conservation. The biodiversity rich areas in the study area are mainly distributed in Shangsi County, Longzhou County, Pingxiang City, Mashan County, Shanglin County, Pubei County in the north, cities and towns, construction land and coastal areas as the least abundant areas. The area of the extremely rich area is 1287.7 km2, which accounts for 1.8 of the total area of the economic zone, the richer area is 2347.3 km2, the area of the rich area is 3.2, the area of the rich area is 8665.4 km2, the total area of the economic zone is 12.2, the area of the general rich area is 29624km2, the total area of the economic zone is 40.8, the area of the unenriched area is 30712.4km2, Accounting for 42.2% of the total area of the economic zone. From the point of view of promoting the smooth operation of landscape ecological flow, 18 woodland patches and 6 water patches were established as ecological sources in the study area, and 47 ecological corridors and 35 ecological nodes were constructed. The conservation network of biodiversity is constructed by point line and surface. The optimization measures are to protect the existing core ecological patches and avoid the interference of the surrounding land development, and to strengthen the east-west connection for the future corridor construction. This protection network can provide a scientific reference for regional development planning, and make clear the sheltered area of biodiversity protection in the process of land development, so as to protect regional biodiversity more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901;X176
本文编号：2196906
[Abstract]:Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone is a new hot spot in southeast China's open development and the core area of economic and trade relations between China and Southeast Asia. Since the "Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone Development Plan" was approved by the state in 2008, large-scale investment and construction of various engineering projects have been accelerating. Large areas of woodland and cultivated land have been encroached on for construction purposes, encroaching on biological habitats, The regional landscape structure and its spatial pattern are changed on a large scale, and biodiversity is threatened. Therefore, understanding the current status of biodiversity in the region and how to protect it is an urgent problem. In view of this background, this paper selects the whole Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi as the research area, takes the TM images of 1990, 2001 and 2009 as the main data sources, adopts "3s" technology, and applies the theory of landscape ecology. The landscape pattern changes in recent 20 years in the study area were analyzed by selecting the landscape index. Then, the biodiversity richness evaluation system was constructed by selecting four criteria layers: endangered degree of species, landscape diversity index, habitat type and nature reserve type. The present status of biodiversity was evaluated by using AHP (AHP) to calculate the weight of each index. Finally, based on the cumulative cost distance model of landscape ecological flow, the landscape elements such as ecological source, ecological corridor and ecological node are established in the study area, and a network conducive to the conservation and maintenance of biodiversity is constructed. The result shows that 1: 1. Forest land and cultivated land are the two most important patch types in the study area, and the sum of the two areas accounts for nearly 95 percent of the total area, accounting for the absolute dominance; from 1990 to 2009, the most obvious change of the patch area in this area is the expansion of the construction land and the decrease of the grassland. The area of construction land increased by nearly 6 times, the area of grassland and unused land decreased by nearly 60% and 62.3% respectively, and the degree of landscape fragmentation in the study area increased continuously. The landscape fragmentation index of the three periods was 0.033, 0.038 and 0.048, respectively. The fragmentation degree of each patch type was increasing continuously, especially the intensity of disturbance on cultivated land and woodland was strong, the degree of fragmentation increased rapidly, and the growth rate was obvious after 2001. Landscape fragmentation brings great challenge to regional ecological environment and biodiversity conservation. The biodiversity rich areas in the study area are mainly distributed in Shangsi County, Longzhou County, Pingxiang City, Mashan County, Shanglin County, Pubei County in the north, cities and towns, construction land and coastal areas as the least abundant areas. The area of the extremely rich area is 1287.7 km2, which accounts for 1.8 of the total area of the economic zone, the richer area is 2347.3 km2, the area of the rich area is 3.2, the area of the rich area is 8665.4 km2, the total area of the economic zone is 12.2, the area of the general rich area is 29624km2, the total area of the economic zone is 40.8, the area of the unenriched area is 30712.4km2, Accounting for 42.2% of the total area of the economic zone. From the point of view of promoting the smooth operation of landscape ecological flow, 18 woodland patches and 6 water patches were established as ecological sources in the study area, and 47 ecological corridors and 35 ecological nodes were constructed. The conservation network of biodiversity is constructed by point line and surface. The optimization measures are to protect the existing core ecological patches and avoid the interference of the surrounding land development, and to strengthen the east-west connection for the future corridor construction. This protection network can provide a scientific reference for regional development planning, and make clear the sheltered area of biodiversity protection in the process of land development, so as to protect regional biodiversity more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901;X176
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