湘黔古镇聚居文化和建筑空间形态研究

发布时间：2018-08-29 07:23

【摘要】：湘黔是指湖南与贵州两省交界处,沅水上游五溪流域。本文的研究范围主要包括酉水、巫水、辰水、渠水(j 溪)、舞水流经的湖南省的怀化市,湘西土家族和苗族自治州和贵州省的黔东南苗族侗族自治州和铜仁地区。这一区域多山地,地理环境复杂,矿产、森林、水源等自然资源丰富。区域内民族众多,形成多样的民族文化。主要以汉族、苗族、侗族、土家族、瑶族等为主的20多个民族,这些民族分布在湘黔地区各个古镇之中以杂居形式为主。巫傩文化是湘黔地区的土生文化,它与外来的中原传统文化、巴蜀文化、夜郎文化等相互融合产生了独特的地域文化、山地聚居文化。这些独特的文化是湘黔地区特有的,含有极高的文化价值是人类文明之中宝贵的非物质文化遗产。对于古镇空间的研究上,必然离不开对古镇整体空间形态和单体建筑空间形态两方面的剖析。整体空间形态的研究离不开周围山水景观,湘黔地区古镇颇多,由于地势险要、山地多、平原少的特点,反映到聚居形态上,则形成因地制宜、随山水环境变化的城镇和聚落格局,聚落在选址、布局、营建等方面巧妙地结合山水,带有明显的江山特征。由于湘黔地区的整体环境相对封闭,很多古镇还保存着比较原始的社会生活风貌,和遗留着一些较完整的古代村镇。例如凤凰古镇、洪江古镇、黔阳古镇、托口古镇等都是湘黔保留较完整的古镇,它们是湘黔地区古镇的代表,是经过历史和时间凝练而成的山地聚落空间的精华之作。对这些古镇村落的聚居文化和空间形态的研究,有利于解决在建设现代山地城市中产生城镇化的问题。从而在古人“天人合一”崇尚自然的思想中,找到符合现代山地城市建设的“和谐发展”之路。有利于对这些古镇建筑文化的保护,和古镇经济的发展。论文框架的遵循从整体到局部的结构主义思想,对各层次的首要问题深入分析,使空间和文化这两个思想贯穿全文始终。首先对湘黔地区的地理环境、历史演进、经济发展等方面进行阐述,其次介绍湘黔两地的聚居文化,以土生文化、外来文化和山水观念为支点分析古镇聚居文化的形成,再次在通过对湘黔地区古镇聚居形态和建筑形态两方面分析古镇空间形态,最后对古镇聚居文化和空间形态进行综合分析,发现现代城市发展给古镇带来的危机与挑战,找到现代城市发展与古镇保护之间的整合之法。根据笔者通过实地考察湘黔地区古镇,了解到湘黔地区地理、气候、人文等方面的现状以及历史对于古镇聚居文化和空间形态的重要性。湘黔地区的人们热爱自然、崇尚自然。通过朴实的土、木、石,加以创新建造出独特的山地聚居空间形态。论文的写作不仅是向人们展示山地人居的独特之美,也是更深层次的解读和探讨其内在的成因与发展。更深层次的了解我国少数民族的聚居文化和聚居形态,并且应用与今后的湘黔地区山地城市建设和历史古镇的保护之中。
[Abstract]:Hunan and Guizhou refer to the boundary of Hunan and Guizhou provinces, the upper reaches of Yuanshui Wuxi River basin. The research scope of this paper mainly includes Youshui, Wushui, Chenshui, Qushui (J River), Huaihua City in Hunan Province, Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Western Hunan Province, and Tongren Autonomous Prefecture of Miao and Dong Nationality in southeastern Guizhou Province. The area is rich in natural resources such as minerals, forests and water resources. There are many nationalities in the area, forming a variety of national cultures. It mainly consists of more than 20 nationalities, such as Han, Miao, Dong, Tujia, Yao, etc. These nationalities are distributed in various ancient towns in Hunan and Guizhou, mainly in the form of mixed habitation. The exotic Central Plains traditional culture, Bashu culture, Yelang culture and so on fuse mutually to produce the unique region culture, the mountainous area inhabits the culture.These unique cultures are the Hunan Guizhou area unique, contains the extremely high cultural value is in the human civilization precious non-material cultural heritage.For the ancient town space research, must be inseparable from the ancient town. The study of the whole space form can not be separated from the surrounding landscape. There are many ancient towns in Hunan and Guizhou. Because of the dangerous terrain, mountainous areas and less plains, they reflect the characteristics of the settlement form, and then form the urban and settlement pattern which suits local conditions and changes with the landscape environment. Site, layout, construction and other aspects of ingenious combination of mountains and rivers, with obvious Jiangshan characteristics. Because the overall environment of Hunan and Guizhou is relatively closed, many ancient towns still preserve a relatively primitive social life style, and left some more complete ancient villages and towns. They are the representatives of ancient towns in Hunan and Guizhou, and the quintessence of mountain settlement space condensed by history and time.The study of settlement culture and spatial form of these ancient towns is helpful to solve the problem of urbanization in the construction of modern mountainous cities. In the thought of advocating nature, we can find the way of "harmonious development" which conforms to the construction of modern mountainous cities. It is beneficial to the protection of the architectural culture of these ancient towns and the development of the economy of ancient towns. Firstly, the geographical environment, historical evolution, economic development and other aspects of Hunan and Guizhou are described. Secondly, the inhabitation culture of Hunan and Guizhou is introduced. Taking native culture, foreign culture and landscape concept as the fulcrum, the formation of the inhabitation culture of ancient towns is analyzed. This paper analyzes the spatial form of ancient towns, and finally makes a comprehensive analysis of the settlement culture and spatial form of ancient towns, finds out the crisis and challenge brought by the development of modern cities, and finds out the integration method between the development of modern cities and the protection of ancient towns. People in Hunan and Guizhou love nature and advocate nature. Through simple soil, wood and stone, they innovatively construct a unique form of mountain settlement space. The writing of this paper is not only to show people the unique beauty of mountain settlement, but also a deeper interpretation. It also explores the intrinsic causes and development of the ethnic minorities'inhabiting culture and forms, and applies them to the construction of mountainous cities and the protection of historic towns in Hunan and Guizhou in the future.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU982.29;TU-024

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