重庆山地城市公园游人容量量化模型研究

发布时间：2018-08-29 13:31

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,人们闲暇时光增多,游憩需求也随之增强,户外游憩正走向大众化。与此同时,各地政府也越来越重视城市公园的建设,一是新建公园,二是“拆墙还绿”将公园向市民免费开放,公园环境出现巨大压力,因此科学地寻求山地公园环境资源的保护策略与方法显得尤为重要。目前,国内以赵红红、保继刚、楚义芳等为首的学者已经取得了一些有价值的研究成果,这些成果为城市公园的游人容量提供了很好的研究经验,但是都属于平原城市或大型风景区的范畴。山地公园因其自身特殊的用地条件,具有生态敏感、景观不稳定等特征,所面临的环境压力更大。山地城市公园与平地城市公园的容量,不仅在影响因素还是测算模型上都表现出巨大差异。山地城市公园在我国分布广泛,研究其游人容量具有十分重大的意义。重庆是一个典型的山地城市,以重庆山地城市公园为例进行研究,具有典型性。本文借鉴山地城市学、调查统计学等相关理论,在游人容量已有研究成果、国内规范和重庆典型山地城市公园调查的基础上,以山地城市公园的容量现状,地形对生态容量、空间容量、设施容量的影响为主线进行了详细的论述。本文取得的成果主要包括以下几个方面：(1)系统地研究和分析地形对山地城市公园游人容量产生的作用。借鉴山地公园的相关研究,结合地形对山地公园场地、景观建筑、设施等布局形态的影响,分析归纳出地形对山地城市公园容量产生影响的成因和结果,包括地形对生态容量、水体空间容量、道路空间容量、场地空间容量、设施容量的影响,丰富山地城市公园游人容量的理论体系。(2)结合满意度调查,运用边际效益原理构建“人流量—游客满意度”函数,计算出不同坡度下合理的道路人流量(Kr)和合理空间标准(Pr),不同游憩类型场地中合理的空间人流量(Kg)和合理空间标准(Pg)。首先筛选出符合山地城市公园的游人容量基本容量指标。针对地形的特殊条件,结合游客数量统计、问卷调查数据,定量分析结果为：纵坡0-25%、25-50%、50-100%的道路合理人流量Kr依次为1.46、1.22、0.93(人次/分钟,单位通道宽度)；合理空间标准Pr依次为10.26、12.29、16.13(m2/人)。观景平台、集散场地、一般游憩娱乐场地、线型游览场地的合理场地人流量Kg依次为0.5、1.44、0.9、0.58(人次/分钟,每10m2)、0.58(人次/分钟,单位通道宽度),合理场地空间标准Pg依次为29.1、16.8、20.2、23.5(m2/人)。(3)构建山地城市公园空间(心理)容量测算模型,向动态模型靠拢,提高了游人容量测算的科学性。立足于山地城市公园的环境特点,借鉴已有研究成果,通过一系列定性、定量分析,提出“合理人流量”概念,构建出新的空间(心理)容量RCC计算模型,向动态模型靠拢,弥补了传统模型只能取得静态结果这一缺陷,在一定程度上为山地城市公园的环境建设提供依据。(4)计算出重庆山地城市公园游人容量四个分量的权重值。确定生态容量权重为0.45,空间(心理)容量权重为0.17,设施容量权重为0.23,社会容量权重为0.15,即是本文提出的山地城市公园游人容量各分量权重的参考值。因此,综合游人容量综合量化模型可修正为：TCC=0.45×ECC+0.17× RCC+0.23×FCC+0.156 X SCC。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, people's leisure time increases, the demand for recreation increases, outdoor recreation is becoming popular. At the same time, local governments are paying more and more attention to the construction of urban parks, one is to build new parks, the other is to "demolish the wall to return green" to open the park to the public free of charge, the park environment is under tremendous pressure, so scientifically. At present, some valuable research achievements have been made by scholars headed by Zhao Honghong, Bao Jigang and Chu Yifang. These achievements provide a good research experience for the tourist capacity of urban parks, but they all belong to plain cities or large-scale landscapes. Mountainous city parks are facing greater environmental pressure because of their special land use conditions, ecological sensitivity, landscape instability and other characteristics. The capacity of mountainous city parks and flat land city parks shows great differences not only in influencing factors but also in calculating models. Tourist capacity is of great significance. Chongqing is a typical mountainous city. Taking the mountainous city park of Chongqing as an example, this paper draws lessons from the related theories of mountainous urbanology, survey statistics and so on. On the basis of the research results of tourist capacity, the domestic standard and the re-celebration Mountainous City Park survey, the paper takes the mountainous city Park of Chongqing as an example. The capacity status of mountainous city parks and the influence of topography on ecological capacity, spatial capacity and facility capacity are discussed in detail. The achievements of this paper mainly include the following aspects: (1) Systematic study and analysis of the effect of topography on the capacity of visitors in mountainous city parks. The influence of combined topography on the layout of Mountain Park site, landscape architecture, facilities and other forms is analyzed and summarized. The causes and results of the influence of topography on the capacity of mountain city park are analyzed and summarized, including the influence of topography on ecological capacity, water space capacity, road space capacity, site space capacity, facilities capacity, and enrich the tourist capacity of mountain city park. Theoretical system. (2) Combining with satisfaction survey, using the principle of marginal benefit to construct the "flow of people - tourist satisfaction" function, calculate the reasonable road flow (Kr) and reasonable space standard (Pr) at different slopes, reasonable space flow (Kg) and reasonable space standard (Pg) in different types of recreational sites. Firstly, select the reasonable space flow (Kg) and reasonable space standard (Pg) in accordance with the mountain area. According to the special conditions of the terrain, combined with the statistics of the number of tourists, questionnaire survey data, the quantitative analysis results are as follows: longitudinal slope 0-25%, 25-50%, 50-100% of the reasonable road traffic Kr is 1.46, 1.22, 0.93 (person-time/minute, unit channel width); reasonable spatial standard Pr is 10.26, 12.29, 16.1 in turn; reasonable spatial standard Pr is 10.26, 12.29, 16.1 3 (m2 / person). The reasonable Kg of viewing platform, distributing venue, general recreation and entertainment venue, linear sightseeing venue is 0.5, 1.44, 0.9, 0.58 (person-time/minute, 10 m2 per minute), 0.58 (person-time/minute, unit channel width), and the reasonable space standard Pg is 29.1, 16.8, 20.2, 23.5 (m2 / person). (3) Construction of mountain urban park space (psychology) Based on the environmental characteristics of mountainous urban parks and the existing research results, through a series of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the concept of "reasonable human flow" is put forward, and a new RCC calculation model of spatial (psychological) capacity is constructed, which is close to the dynamic model and makes up for it. The traditional model can only get static results, which provides the basis for the environmental construction of mountain city parks to a certain extent. (4) Calculate the weights of the four components of the tourist capacity of Chongqing mountain city parks. Weight is 0.15, which is the reference value of each component weight of tourist capacity of mountain city park proposed in this paper. Therefore, the comprehensive quantitative model of tourist capacity can be revised as follows: TCC = 0.45 * ECC + 0.17 * RCC + 0.23 * FCC + 0.156 X SCC.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986.5

【参考文献】