河流系统结构与功能耦合修复研究
发布时间：2018-09-01 10:29
【摘要】：河流是自然环境的重要组成部分,有着独特的系统结构与功能。随着社会经济的快速发展,水资源的不恰当开发利用导致了诸如水体污染、环境退化和萎缩等一系列河流系统的结构变化和功能退化问题。如何恢复受损河流系统已成为重要的环境问题之一,也是改善河流生态环境、实现系统生态平衡和达到可持续发展的关键。 针对河流生态修复过程中遇到的问题,本文以修复河流系统结构与功能为出发点,分析研究河流生态恢复方法和技术。以辽宁省西北半干旱区的大凌河一级支流凉水河为研究对象,详细介绍河流系统结构与功能耦合修复方法,包括凉水河结构与功能评价,河流退化原因分析,流域污染负荷识别,水环境容量计算,复合型湿地系统规划设计以及修复后期效果评估。并探讨适宜于北方中小河流特殊的水生态特征的治理模式,以辽宁省几段中小河流水生态治理修复工程为案例,提出一些适宜性的生态修复的技术,以期为具有相似结构与功能特点的北方中小河流提供借鉴。 主要研究内容及结论如下： (1)河流生态治理修复方法研究 由河流生态治理修复的相关概念和内涵入手,从研究对象、研究方法和技术措施三个方面研究分析河流生态治理修复的技术体系,结合已有的理论成果和成功经验,对国内外研究进展进行总结,同时,探讨河流生态治理修复中存在的问题及发展趋势。在阐述河流系统结构与功能的基础上,分析影响河流系统退化的主要因素,将河流系统结构与功能进行综合考虑,提出河流系统结构与功能耦合修复的方法,为河流水生态治理修复提供理论参考。 (2)河流系统结构与功能双准则定量综合评价 为有效解决河流不合理开发利用所引起的生态环境胁迫问题,重建和恢复河流系统合理的结构和良好的功能,首先需要对河流系统基本结构与功能的缺损状态进行准确诊断与评定。将象限法与集对分析法耦合,建立河流系统结构与功能的双准则逻辑定量评价模型。以辽西北半干旱区的凉水河为例,进行系统评估。结果表明,凉水河的结构与功能修复前的评价值分别为μs=-0.513和μF=-0.208,体现为结构缺损、功能属于中等水平,需要在修复河流系统结构的基础上适宜发展。而后对凉水河修复后结构与功能进行双准则逻辑定量评价,修复后结果为μS=0.005和μF=0.036。凉水河的结构得到修复,从缺损状态达到中等水平,同时功能也有部分提升。 (3)凉水河生态治理修复规划与设计 根据凉水河系统结构与功能前期评价结果与分析,确定凉水河结构与功能修复目标和任务。针对凉水河流域区段特点,提出多种自然河流湿地+水平潜流人工湿地的复合型湿地修复系统工程建设方案,辅以一些非工程措施,综合治理点面源污染,改善生态环境。河流水生态修复工程实施后,河道水质大大改善,形成了优美的生态环境和景观绿化效果,为人们提供一个水清、景美的亲水休闲场所。凉水河湿地经生态修复治理后所增加的综合效益约为516.79万元/年。 (4)北方中小河流水生态治理修复技术体系 分析北方中小河流独特的气候、水资源与环境以及社会经济结构等特点,探讨基于结构功能分区的北方中小河流生态修复方法。在此基础上,以辽宁省半干旱区的几条中小河流为例,针对各自不同的结构与功能特点,设计了适宜性的生态修复的技术及方法,包括悬浮物降速促沉技术,河道截潜抬水湿生条件改善技术以及分区水位控制河口湿地修建技术。
[Abstract]:Rivers are an important part of the natural environment and have a unique system structure and function. With the rapid development of social economy, improper exploitation and utilization of water resources have led to a series of structural changes and functional degradation of river systems, such as water pollution, environmental degradation and shrinkage. One of the important environmental problems is to improve the river ecological environment, to achieve the ecological balance of the system and to achieve sustainable development.
In view of the problems encountered in the process of river ecological restoration, this paper takes the restoration of river system structure and function as the starting point, analyzes and studies the methods and techniques of river ecological restoration. River structure and function evaluation, River degradation cause analysis, basin pollution load identification, water environment capacity calculation, composite wetland system planning and design, and the evaluation of the effect of the later stage of restoration. In the case study, some suitable ecological restoration techniques are proposed to provide reference for small and medium-sized rivers in the north with similar structure and function characteristics.
The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:
(1) research on river ecological rehabilitation methods
Starting with the related concepts and connotations of river ecological management and restoration, this paper studies and analyzes the technical system of river ecological management and restoration from three aspects of research object, research method and technical measures. Combining with the existing theoretical achievements and successful experience, this paper summarizes the research progress at home and abroad, and probes into the problems existing in river ecological management and restoration. On the basis of expounding the structure and function of river system, this paper analyzes the main factors affecting the degradation of river system, considers the structure and function of river system comprehensively, and puts forward the method of coupling restoration of river system structure and function, which provides theoretical reference for river ecological control and restoration.
(2) quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of river system structure and function by two criteria
In order to effectively solve the problem of ecological environment stress caused by unreasonable development and utilization of rivers and reconstruct and restore the reasonable structure and good function of river system, it is necessary to diagnose and evaluate the defective state of basic structure and function of river system. Taking Liangshui River in the semi-arid area of Northwest Liaoning Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation values of the structure and function of Liangshui River before restoration are respectively mu s=-0.513 and mu F=-0.208, which are reflected as structural defects and function is of medium level. It is necessary to develop the Liangshui River on the basis of the restoration of the structure of the river system. Then, the structure and function of Liangshui River after restoration were quantitatively evaluated by double criteria logic. The results showed that the structure of Liangshui River was restored, and the defect state was moderate, and the function of Liangshui River was partly improved.
(3) planning and design of ecological rehabilitation and rehabilitation of the Liang Shui River
According to the preliminary evaluation results and analysis of Liangshui River system structure and function, the objectives and tasks of Liangshui River structure and function restoration are determined. According to the characteristics of Liangshui River, the construction schemes of a composite wetland restoration system with multiple natural river wetlands and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands are put forward, supplemented by some non-engineering measures and comprehensive control points. After the implementation of the river ecological restoration project, the river water quality has been greatly improved, resulting in a beautiful ecological environment and landscape greening effect, providing people with a clean water, beautiful scenery and hydrophilic leisure place.
(4) technical system for ecological restoration and rehabilitation of middle and small rivers in North China
Based on the analysis of the unique climate, water resources, environment and socio-economic structure of the small and medium-sized rivers in the north, the ecological restoration methods of the small and medium-sized rivers in the North based on the structural and functional zoning are discussed. The technology and method of state restoration include the technology of suspended solids decelerating and accelerating subsidence, the technology of improving wet condition of river course interception and submergence lifting, and the technology of constructing estuarine wetland controlled by water level in different districts.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.4;X52
本文编号：2216918
[Abstract]:Rivers are an important part of the natural environment and have a unique system structure and function. With the rapid development of social economy, improper exploitation and utilization of water resources have led to a series of structural changes and functional degradation of river systems, such as water pollution, environmental degradation and shrinkage. One of the important environmental problems is to improve the river ecological environment, to achieve the ecological balance of the system and to achieve sustainable development.
In view of the problems encountered in the process of river ecological restoration, this paper takes the restoration of river system structure and function as the starting point, analyzes and studies the methods and techniques of river ecological restoration. River structure and function evaluation, River degradation cause analysis, basin pollution load identification, water environment capacity calculation, composite wetland system planning and design, and the evaluation of the effect of the later stage of restoration. In the case study, some suitable ecological restoration techniques are proposed to provide reference for small and medium-sized rivers in the north with similar structure and function characteristics.
The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:
(1) research on river ecological rehabilitation methods
Starting with the related concepts and connotations of river ecological management and restoration, this paper studies and analyzes the technical system of river ecological management and restoration from three aspects of research object, research method and technical measures. Combining with the existing theoretical achievements and successful experience, this paper summarizes the research progress at home and abroad, and probes into the problems existing in river ecological management and restoration. On the basis of expounding the structure and function of river system, this paper analyzes the main factors affecting the degradation of river system, considers the structure and function of river system comprehensively, and puts forward the method of coupling restoration of river system structure and function, which provides theoretical reference for river ecological control and restoration.
(2) quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of river system structure and function by two criteria
In order to effectively solve the problem of ecological environment stress caused by unreasonable development and utilization of rivers and reconstruct and restore the reasonable structure and good function of river system, it is necessary to diagnose and evaluate the defective state of basic structure and function of river system. Taking Liangshui River in the semi-arid area of Northwest Liaoning Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation values of the structure and function of Liangshui River before restoration are respectively mu s=-0.513 and mu F=-0.208, which are reflected as structural defects and function is of medium level. It is necessary to develop the Liangshui River on the basis of the restoration of the structure of the river system. Then, the structure and function of Liangshui River after restoration were quantitatively evaluated by double criteria logic. The results showed that the structure of Liangshui River was restored, and the defect state was moderate, and the function of Liangshui River was partly improved.
(3) planning and design of ecological rehabilitation and rehabilitation of the Liang Shui River
According to the preliminary evaluation results and analysis of Liangshui River system structure and function, the objectives and tasks of Liangshui River structure and function restoration are determined. According to the characteristics of Liangshui River, the construction schemes of a composite wetland restoration system with multiple natural river wetlands and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands are put forward, supplemented by some non-engineering measures and comprehensive control points. After the implementation of the river ecological restoration project, the river water quality has been greatly improved, resulting in a beautiful ecological environment and landscape greening effect, providing people with a clean water, beautiful scenery and hydrophilic leisure place.
(4) technical system for ecological restoration and rehabilitation of middle and small rivers in North China
Based on the analysis of the unique climate, water resources, environment and socio-economic structure of the small and medium-sized rivers in the north, the ecological restoration methods of the small and medium-sized rivers in the North based on the structural and functional zoning are discussed. The technology and method of state restoration include the technology of suspended solids decelerating and accelerating subsidence, the technology of improving wet condition of river course interception and submergence lifting, and the technology of constructing estuarine wetland controlled by water level in different districts.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.4;X52
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