扬州地区挺水观赏植物资源及其利用价值研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 08:08

【摘要】：景观植物的运用不合理问题以及城市水体的富营养化问题都严重阻碍了城市的发展,因此合理开发利用乡土观赏植物资源、解决水体富营养化问题迫在眉睫。本文调查并筛选了扬州地区乡土挺水观赏植物资源,同时以鸭舌草、水苋菜以及矮慈姑为实验材料,研究了不同氮浓度环境对三种植物的影响以及三种植物的总氮去除效率。初步获得以下主要结果：1.扬州地区挺水植物资源十分丰富,最常见的包括大约28科,62属,92种。其中禾本科、莎草科以及蓼科植物种类最多。水烛、芦苇、水花生等17种植物为调查地区湿地植物群落中常见优势物种。2.民族植物学等方法评价结果显示,水烛、芋、水葱、泽泻、野慈姑等20种乡土植物具有较高的综合利用价值且很少或尚未被应用于城市景观建设中。以观赏价值为依据的综合重要值分析结果显示,在个体水平上,水烛、鸭舌草、毛草龙、石龙芮、芋、野慈姑等植物具有较高的应用前景；在种群水平上,蚕茧草、水烛、水葱、矮慈姑、芋、头状穗莎草等排名靠前。3.氮对挺水植物的影响不仅与氮的浓度有关,而且也与植物的种类有关。氮的存在对三种挺水植物的生物量、根长、根系活力有明显影响。在实验室条件下,不同浓度的氮对鸭舌草和矮慈姑的于重均没有显著影响,但在高浓度氮条件下其含水量显著降低；水苋菜的含水量在不同氮浓度条件下均显著下降,但高浓度的氮对其干重积累有明显的促进作用。实验各氮浓度均能够显著抑制鸭舌草的根系生长及其根系活力,而对水苋菜和矮慈姑根系的生长以及根系活力却没有明显影响。4.当在氮浓度≥44 mg/L条件下处理10天后,鸭舌草叶绿素含量显著降低；而对于矮慈姑,仅当氮浓度≥86 mg/L时,叶绿素含量才开始降低。与前两种情况相反,当氮浓度≥23mg/L时,水苋菜叶绿素含量却显著提高。5.不同氮浓度处理10天后,三种实验材料的抗氧化酶活性也发生了明显的变化。当氮浓度≥86 mg/L时,能够显著提高鸭舌草和矮慈姑的SOD活性；当氮浓度≥7.25 mg/L和≥12.5 mg/L时,能够分别对矮慈姑和鸭舌草的CAT活性产生显著抑制作用；当氮浓度≥7.25mg/L时,同样能够显著抑制鸭舌草的POD活性,对水苋菜的POD活性却显示出一定的促进作用。不同氮浓度的处理对矮慈姑和水苋菜的MDA含量没有明显影响,当氮浓度≥44mg/L时,能够显著提高鸭舌草的MDA含量。6.三种挺水植物都能够有效地去除不同氮浓度水体中的总氮。去除效率随氮浓度的升高基本呈现下降趋势。对低浓度的水体,水苋菜的去除率最高,鸭舌草最差；对高浓度的水体,矮慈姑的去除率最高,鸭舌草最差。7.氮的存在对水体的pH值影响较小,但对电导率的影响较大,且氮浓度越高电导率越大。三种实验植物的生长都能够降低水体的pH值,但相比其它两种挺水植物,水苋菜的效果更加显著。经过鸭舌草的处理,各氮浓度水体的电导率基本呈现明显的上升趋势,而对水苋菜和矮慈姑,各氮浓度水体的电导率则呈现明显的下降趋势。上述研究结果表明,乡土挺水植物在城市景观建设过程中具有很大的应用潜力,应根据不同的景观要求,合理选择、配置。氮可以通过影响挺水植物的根系活力、含水量、光合作用从而影响植物的营养生长。同时氮还能够改变挺水植物的抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量以及全氮含量等。相比较矮慈姑和鸭舌草,水苋菜具有更好的净化效果以及生长状态。
[Abstract]:The unreasonable use of landscape plants and the eutrophication of urban water body have seriously hindered the development of the city, so it is urgent to rationally exploit and utilize the local ornamental plant resources and solve the eutrophication of water body. The main results are as follows: 1. Yangzhou is rich in tap water plant resources, including about 28 families, 62 genera and 92 species. Gramineae, Cyperaceae and Polygonaceae have the most species. 17 species such as water candle, reed and water peanut are the dominant species in wetland plant communities. 2. Ethnobotany evaluation results show that 20 native plants such as water candle, taro, scallion, Alisma orientalis and Sagittaria australis have high comprehensive utilization value and few or no application in urban landscape construction. According to the comprehensive important value analysis results, at the individual level, water candle, duck tongue grass, hairy grass dragon, Shilongrui, taro, wild Sagittarius and other plants have high application prospects; at the population level, silkworm cocoon, water candle, water onion, dwarf sagittarius, taro, Cyperus capitatum and other plants ranked high. Nitrogen had a significant effect on the biomass, root length and root activity of three kinds of water-tapping plants. Under the laboratory conditions, different concentrations of nitrogen had no significant effect on the weight of Anthurium hybridum and Sagittaria humilis, but the water content of Amaranthus decreased significantly under the high concentration of nitrogen. The root growth and root activity were significantly inhibited by all nitrogen concentrations, but the growth and root activity of Amaranth and Sagittaria were not significantly affected. 4. When the nitrogen concentration was higher than 44 mg/L, the root growth and root activity were significantly inhibited for 10 days. The chlorophyll content of Amaranthus chinensis decreased significantly after treatment, but decreased only when the nitrogen concentration was higher than 86 mg/L. Contrary to the former two cases, the chlorophyll content of Amaranthus chinensis increased significantly when the nitrogen concentration was higher than 23 mg/L. 5. The antioxidant enzymes activities of the three experimental materials were also found after 10 days of treatment with different nitrogen concentrations. When the nitrogen concentration was more than 86 mg/L, the SOD activity of D. hybrida and D. hybrida could be significantly increased; when the nitrogen concentration was more than 7.25 mg/L and 12.5 mg/L, the CAT activity of D. hybrida and D. hybrida could be significantly inhibited; when the nitrogen concentration was more than 7.25 mg/L, the POD activity of D of D. hybrida could also be significantly inhibited. When the concentration of nitrogen was more than 44 mg/L, the MDA content of the herb could be significantly increased. 6. Three kinds of plants could effectively remove the total nitrogen in the water with different nitrogen concentrations. The removal rate of amaranth was the highest in low concentration water, and that of hyacinth was the worst. In high concentration water, hyacinth was the highest and hyacinth was the worst. Compared with the other two kinds of plants, amaranth has a more significant effect on reducing the pH value of water body. The conductivity of water body with different nitrogen concentration shows an obvious upward trend after the treatment of agaricus, while that of amaranth and Sagittarius shows a significant downward trend. Nitrogen can affect vegetative growth by affecting root activity, water content and Photosynthesis of tappet plants. Nitrogen can also change the activity of antioxidant enzymes and MDA content of tappet plants. Compared with Sagittaria Sagittarius and Herba Hedyotis, amaranth has better purification effect and growth state.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S682.32

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