哈尔滨基础设施廊道中绿地系统水敏性设计研究
发布时间：2018-08-31 17:04
【摘要】：我国目前城市水问题形势严峻,不容忽视。由于可利用的水资源有限,同时城市发展给环境带来严重的水污染,城市出现积水问题,城市内涝日益受到人们的关注。由于我国城市发展增速快,大量的城市建设必然导致城市绿地、土地等可渗水面积的减少,同样,不透水铺装、屋顶等城市下垫面面积增加,可渗水下垫面面积的减少,不透水下垫面面积的增加无疑增加了城市排水环境的压力与困境,同时打破了原有水循环过程的平衡,降水无法通过下渗过程回补地下水,而形成的径流没有经过自然过程的净化过程直接冲刷地表进入城市排水管网,通过排水管网直接排入受纳的自然水体中。随着全球气温升高,强降雨的频率也有所增加,城市一旦遭遇强降雨,降雨雨量超出城市排水管网的排水能力就会出现城市积水和内涝现象。而旧有的城市基础设施不能满足日益因为人口、经济发展、建设活动增加而产生的需求,同时城市基础设施及排水管网更新困难。响应国家建设海绵城市政策,探索哈尔滨水敏性规划。根据基础设施廊道和绿地系统的发展趋势,以城市基础设施廊道发展和城市水问题为背景,借鉴国内外的理论研究和发展实践案例。从绿地系统组成出发介绍绿地调蓄雨洪的生态效能,利用城市绿地的生态效能来消纳超出城市管网排洪能力范围的雨洪,结合哈尔滨城市排水环境与绿地历史发展说明绿地系统在城市基础设施廊道系统中承担的职能和所起的作用。并以哈尔滨气象、地质条件、水文条件、降雨环境等分析为基础,选取代表性区域,通过径流和洪峰的公式计算,量化研究哈尔滨城市需求绿地系统的规模。希望利用一定规模的绿地形成绿地系统,来调蓄雨洪,协助管网帮助哈尔滨解决城市水问题。并通过基础设施廊道与绿地系统结合进行设计,优化现状哈尔滨绿地系统布局。讨论多场景基于雨洪利用绿地布局研究方式。面对严峻的城市水问题,应用城市规划、城市设计理论,通过对城市绿地系统和基础设施廊道两个关键方面的深入研究,结合市政工程学,城市景观生态学,风景园林学等相关学科知识,将绿地系统纳入基础设施廊道体系中,为认识城市基础设施廊道系统提供新的思路和方法。探讨绿地系统结合城市基础设施廊道,提出具有创新性的基础设施廊道体系模型,为优化我国城市基础设施网络结构的提供对策,并就绿化管理方面提出优化建议。针对哈尔滨城市本身,进行实地研究,量化分析其绿地系统组成,提出合理的绿地规模与布局方式。形成完整的基础设施廊道系统概念下的绿地系统。由于基础设施廊道建设一经确定不允许随意变更,将绿地系统纳入基础设施廊道有利于保护城市绿地。响应国家政策为了将哈尔滨建设成海绵城市而做出基础研究,本论文的研究成果对于指导城市基础设施和绿地系统建设的规划与实践有一定指导意义。
[Abstract]:Because of the limited available water resources and the serious water pollution caused by the urban development, the urban waterlogging problem has attracted more and more attention. Similarly, impermeable pavement, roof and other urban underlying surface area increased, the area of impermeable underwater surface decreased, impermeable underwater surface area increased undoubtedly increased the pressure and dilemma of urban drainage environment, while breaking the balance of the original water cycle process, precipitation can not recharge groundwater through infiltration process, and form As the global temperature rises, the frequency of heavy rainfall increases. Once a city encounters heavy rainfall, the rainfall will exceed the drainage capacity of the urban drainage network. The old urban infrastructure can not meet the increasing demand due to population, economic development and construction activities. At the same time, it is difficult to update the urban infrastructure and drainage network. Based on the development of urban infrastructure corridors and urban water problems, this paper introduces the ecological efficiency of rainwater storage in Greenland from the perspective of the composition of Greenland system, and utilizes the ecological efficiency of Urban Greenland to absorb rainwater beyond the scope of urban pipeline network flood discharge capacity. The historical development of urban drainage environment and green space illustrates the functions and functions of green space system in the corridor system of urban infrastructure. Based on the analysis of Harbin meteorology, geological conditions, hydrological conditions and rainfall environment, the representative areas are selected and the urban green demand of Harbin is quantitatively studied by the formula calculation of runoff and flood peak. It is hoped that a certain scale of green space will be used to form a green space system to regulate and store rainwater and flood, and help the pipe network to solve the urban water problem in Harbin. Based on the theory of urban planning and urban design, this paper studies the two key aspects of urban green space system and infrastructure corridor, and combines the knowledge of municipal engineering, urban landscape ecology, landscape architecture and other related disciplines to bring the green space system into the infrastructure corridor system in order to understand the urban foundation. The greenbelt system combines with the urban infrastructure corridor, puts forward the innovative infrastructure corridor system model, provides the countermeasure for optimizing the urban infrastructure network structure in our country, and puts forward the optimization suggestion on the greenbelt management. The green space system is formed under the concept of complete infrastructure corridor system. Because the construction of infrastructure corridor is not allowed to change at will, it is beneficial to protect urban green space to incorporate the green space system into infrastructure corridor. In order to build Harbin into a sponge city and make basic research, the research results of this paper have certain guiding significance for guiding the planning and practice of urban infrastructure and green space system construction.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU985.12;TV213.9
[Abstract]:Because of the limited available water resources and the serious water pollution caused by the urban development, the urban waterlogging problem has attracted more and more attention. Similarly, impermeable pavement, roof and other urban underlying surface area increased, the area of impermeable underwater surface decreased, impermeable underwater surface area increased undoubtedly increased the pressure and dilemma of urban drainage environment, while breaking the balance of the original water cycle process, precipitation can not recharge groundwater through infiltration process, and form As the global temperature rises, the frequency of heavy rainfall increases. Once a city encounters heavy rainfall, the rainfall will exceed the drainage capacity of the urban drainage network. The old urban infrastructure can not meet the increasing demand due to population, economic development and construction activities. At the same time, it is difficult to update the urban infrastructure and drainage network. Based on the development of urban infrastructure corridors and urban water problems, this paper introduces the ecological efficiency of rainwater storage in Greenland from the perspective of the composition of Greenland system, and utilizes the ecological efficiency of Urban Greenland to absorb rainwater beyond the scope of urban pipeline network flood discharge capacity. The historical development of urban drainage environment and green space illustrates the functions and functions of green space system in the corridor system of urban infrastructure. Based on the analysis of Harbin meteorology, geological conditions, hydrological conditions and rainfall environment, the representative areas are selected and the urban green demand of Harbin is quantitatively studied by the formula calculation of runoff and flood peak. It is hoped that a certain scale of green space will be used to form a green space system to regulate and store rainwater and flood, and help the pipe network to solve the urban water problem in Harbin. Based on the theory of urban planning and urban design, this paper studies the two key aspects of urban green space system and infrastructure corridor, and combines the knowledge of municipal engineering, urban landscape ecology, landscape architecture and other related disciplines to bring the green space system into the infrastructure corridor system in order to understand the urban foundation. The greenbelt system combines with the urban infrastructure corridor, puts forward the innovative infrastructure corridor system model, provides the countermeasure for optimizing the urban infrastructure network structure in our country, and puts forward the optimization suggestion on the greenbelt management. The green space system is formed under the concept of complete infrastructure corridor system. Because the construction of infrastructure corridor is not allowed to change at will, it is beneficial to protect urban green space to incorporate the green space system into infrastructure corridor. In order to build Harbin into a sponge city and make basic research, the research results of this paper have certain guiding significance for guiding the planning and practice of urban infrastructure and green space system construction.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU985.12;TV213.9
【参考文献】
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