江西三种森林植物遗传结构和进化热点初步研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 20:49

【摘要】：遗传多样性作为生物多样性的重要组成部分,是生物进化和发展的基础。设立自然保护区一直以来被认为是保护遗传多样性最有效的方式之一。然而,在实际的自然保护区规划和建设过程中,往往很少兼顾到物种的遗传多样性,尤其是多物种条件下的考虑。分子生物学技术和地理信息技术的发展使得检测和整合多个物种遗传多样性信息成为可能。通过这种方法,鉴定出不同物种共同的进化热点(遗传多样性高或遗传分化强烈的地区),从而在区域层面进行保护,为自然保护区规划和建设提供了新的思路。江西作为一个较为独立的地理单元,森林资源丰富,是我国重要的生物多样性热点之一。然而,江西有哪些进化热点,这些进化热点有没有受到合理保护,这些科学问题并未得到足够重视。本研究选取江西具代表性的三种森林树种,其中钩栲,38居群476个体;青钱柳,26居群283个体;南方红豆杉,36居群445个体。以江西这一相对独立的地理单元(鄱阳湖流域)为研究对象,每个物种通过开发与筛选出的八对微卫星引物对各自的所有个体进行遗传多样性检测。研究结果表明三个种均具有较高的遗传多样性(钩栲,A=9.25,Ne=3.41,HE=0.665;青钱柳,A=10.38,Ne=2.95,HE=0.554;南方红豆杉,A=9.75,Ne=2.66,HE=0.522),且青钱柳(FST=0.196)相较于其它两个种(钩栲,FST=0.099;南方红豆杉,FST=0.158)具更高的遗传分化。分析结果表明江西北部(庐山、九岭山)、西部(罗霄山脉)、西南部(大庾岭)及部分中部地区占据较高水平的遗传多样性;同时分布在南部大庾岭、南岭及小部分北部(庐山)区域表现出较高的遗传分化。此外,在此基础上借助先进的地理信息技术绘制江西出八张遗传景观图;并通过比较整合三个物种的遗传数据(遗传多样性和遗传分化),从而鉴定出七个江西森林植物区遗传分化或遗传多样性较高的地区(统称进化热点地区)。本研究结果可为江西自然保护区规划和发展提供直接的理论指导,并对我国遗传多样性保护起到积极推动作用。
[Abstract]:As an important part of biodiversity, genetic diversity is the basis of biological evolution and development. The establishment of nature reserves has long been regarded as one of the most effective ways to protect genetic diversity. However, in the actual planning and construction of nature reserves, the genetic diversity of species is seldom taken into account, especially under the condition of multi-species. With the development of molecular biology and geographic information technology, it is possible to detect and integrate genetic diversity information of many species. Through this method, the common evolutionary hotspots of different species (areas with high genetic diversity or strong genetic differentiation) are identified, which can be protected at the regional level and provide a new way of thinking for the planning and construction of nature reserves. As an independent geographical unit, Jiangxi is rich in forest resources and is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in China. However, whether or not the evolution hotspots in Jiangxi are protected reasonably has not been paid enough attention to. In this study, three representative forest tree species in Jiangxi Province were selected, including 476 individuals in 38 populations of Castanopsis kawakamii, 283 individuals in 26 populations of Cynanchum chinensis and 445 individuals in 36 populations of Taxus chinensis. Taking Jiangxi, a relatively independent geographical unit (Poyang Lake Basin), as the research object, each species was tested for genetic diversity of all individuals by the development and screening of eight pairs of microsatellite primers. The results showed that all the three species had higher genetic diversity (A9.25Nei 3.41Hedong 0.665; Cyclocephala 10.38Negna 2.95HE0.554; Taxotaxus chinensis A9.75NE2.66HE0.522), and the FST=0.196 had higher genetic differentiation than the other two species (FST-0.099and FST0.158). The genetic diversity of the three species was higher than that of the other two species (C. kawakamii, FST-0.099; FST0.158), and the genetic diversity of the three species was higher than that of the other two species (FST-0.099; FST-0.158), and the genetic diversity of the three species was higher than that of the other two species (FST-0.099; FST0.158). The results show that the genetic diversity in northern Jiangxi (Lushan, Jiuling Mountain), western Jiangxi (Luoxiao Mountains), Southwest China (Dayu Ridge) and some central regions is relatively high, and it is also distributed in the south of Dayu Ridge. Nanling and a small part of the northern (Lushan) region showed high genetic differentiation. In addition, based on the advanced geographic information technology, eight genetic landscape maps were drawn from Jiangxi. By comparing and integrating the genetic data of three species (genetic diversity and genetic differentiation), seven regions with high genetic diversity or genetic differentiation in Jiangxi forest plant region were identified. The results of this study can provide direct theoretical guidance for the planning and development of Jiangxi Nature Reserve and play an active role in promoting the conservation of genetic diversity in China.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S718.3

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