基于TM影像和i-Tree模型的郑州市景观格局与城市森林生态效益分析

发布时间：2018-09-07 08:51

【摘要】：随着经济发展,城市化进程进一步加剧,良好的人居环境越来越成为人们对生活的基本要求。郑州市在发展过程中不可避免地也出现了空气污染、水资源问题、噪声污染以及人地矛盾等一系列其他城市曾出现过的问题,解决这些问题需要从城市长期发展着手。本文以郑州市区为对象,从景观格局、城市森林、城市行道树3个层次对研究区进行了调查分析,并使用i-Tree模型的Eco模块和Streets模块进行了生态服务方面的计算,研究结果如下:(1)景观格局层次上,2004年至2013年间,在以人为因子为主的驱动力作用下,景观破碎度变化复杂,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数先由1.3459上升至1.5870后下降至1.3874,景观斑块数目增多,城市景观更加多样化;各种建设用地面积逐年上升,耕地面积则持续下降,水体破碎化程度增大,城市森林发展不均衡化明显。(2)在对城市森林调查后,结合i-Tree Eco分析,结果显示,郑州市约有树木15 151 857株,平均每公顷有149株,主要乔木有42种,径级分布多在23 cm以下,碳储量为356 685t,碳密度为10.25 t/hm2,每年可吸收碳为42 617.54t,碳汇速率为1.224 t/yr/hm2,且每年可除去CO 0.202 t、NO2 0.864 t、O3 4.931 t、PM10 1 306.013 t、PM2.5 2.462 t、SO2 1.701 t;(3)郑州市行道树共有23 352株,隶属于14科20属22种,80%树种的胸径分布在10~30 cm之间,90%的树种健康水平为良好以上。i-Tree Streets分析显示,郑州市行道树的截留雨水总量约25 219 m3,每年可使CO2净减少量为1 760.307 t,总储碳量6 399.081 t,可节能3 840.2 GJ,每年吸收NO2、PM10、VOC、SO2量分别为2 316 kg、336.9 kg、320.8 kg、2 193.4 kg,总效益可达2 987 183元。(4)郑州市未来规划应妥善解决人地矛盾,可发展多个城市中心。在城市森林的建设方面应加大力度,保持城市森林的均衡化发展,适当增加绿色廊道,将城市各绿地斑块与行道树形成连续覆盖。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the process of urbanization is becoming more and more serious. Air pollution, water resource problem, noise pollution and contradiction between man and land have appeared inevitably in Zhengzhou City, which need to be solved from the long-term development of the city. Taking Zhengzhou urban area as the object, this paper investigates and analyzes the study area from three levels of landscape pattern, urban forest and urban road tree, and calculates the ecological service by using Eco module and Streets module of i-Tree model. The results are as follows: (1) from 2004 to 2013, the landscape pattern was driven by human factors. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness index increased from 1.3459 to 1.5870 and then decreased to 1.3874. The number of landscape patches increased and the urban landscape became more diversified. The degree of water fragmentation is increasing, and the urban forest development is not balanced obviously. (2) after the investigation of urban forest, combined with i-Tree Eco analysis, the results show that there are about 15 151,857 trees in Zhengzhou, with an average of 149 trees per hectare, and 42 species of main trees. The diameter distribution is below 23 cm, the carbon storage is 356,685 t, the carbon density is 10.25 t / hm ~ 2, the annual absorbable carbon is 42,617.54 t, the rate of carbon sink is 1.224 t / yr 路hm ~ (2), and the annual removal of CO 0.202 t no _ 2 0.864 t O _ 3 4.931 TO _ 3, PM10 1 306.013 t PM 2.5 2.462 t so _ 2 is 1.701 t; (3) there are 23,352 trees in Zhengzhou. Among the 22 species belonging to 14 families, 20 genera and 22 species, the DBH distribution was between 1030 cm and 90%. The results of Streets analysis showed that the health level of the tree species was better than that of i-Tree. The total amount of trapping Rain Water is about 25 219m3in Zhengzhou, which can reduce CO2 net by 1 760.307 t per year, total carbon storage 6 399.081 t, energy saving 3 840.2 GJ, and absorb NO2,PM10,VOC,SO2 2 316 kg,336.9 kg,320.8 kg,2 193.4 kg, per year, the total benefit can reach 2 987,183 yuan. (4) Zhengzhou has a net reduction of 1 760.307 tons per year, and a total carbon storage capacity of 6 399.081 t. The total benefit of absorbing NO2,PM10,VOC,SO2 is 2 316 kg,336.9 kg,320.8 kg,2 193.4 kg, per year, respectively. The future planning of the city should properly solve the contradiction between man and land, Multiple urban centers can be developed. In the aspect of urban forest construction, we should make more efforts to maintain the balanced development of urban forest, appropriately increase green corridor, and form continuous coverage of green patches and road trees in the city.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S718.5

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