城市休闲空间绿视率及其景观评价

发布时间：2018-10-26 09:47

【摘要】：随着城镇化进程的加快,城市休闲空间作为市民休闲游憩活动的依托和载体在日常生活中愈发重要。绿视率指标为空间绿量可视性的定量研究提供新的途径,同时,眼动研究起步较早,但涉及景观视觉质量评价的研究较少。本研究以绿视率为切入点,旨在了解人们对城市休闲空间的景观感知特征,探索绿视率、景观元素与景观评价之间的关系,为相关设计与管理提供参考。本研究在上海市徐汇区选择代表公园、滨水休闲区、社区休闲中心三种类型的徐家汇公园、徐汇滨江、康健绿苑为研究区域,采集20张具有不同等级的绿视率照片,分别统计每张照片场景中植物元素和非植物元素所占比例。通过对83名被试者的眼动和网络照片问卷调查,采用单因素方差分析、双变量相关、偏相关分析等方法,对被试者的景观评价及其眼动数据、场景中景观元素比例相关性进行了定量分析。结果表明:(一)城市休闲空间景观评价与绿视率显著相关,绿视率越高,景观评价指标都有相应的较高值。说明城市休闲空间多栽种植物丰富绿化,可以提升视觉景观品质,增加使用者对城市休闲空间的好感和景观评价。植物元素方面,被试者对一般对乔木的关注高于其他类型植物,灌木和草本植物受关注度较低且两类植物受关注度较接近,被试者一般对水生植物有较高的关注度。(二)景观评价、景观元素比例与眼动数据具有相关性。景观评价指标与乔木、灌木、水生植物、水面比例呈正相关,与硬质景观、视觉主导元素比例呈负相关。说明偏自然的景观元素有助于休闲氛围的营造,给人更多的美感与舒适度,偏人工的景观元素过多会减少人们对绿意的感知,甚至破坏空间的休闲氛围。同时,景观评价与乔木的关注点持续时长、关注点个数呈正相关;与行人的关注点持续时长、访问次数、关注点个数呈正相关;与视觉主导元素持续时长、访问次数、关注点个数呈负相关,首次关注时间呈正相关。说明人们关注乔木、行人越多,视觉主导元素越少,可能给出较高的景观评价。(三)分析热点图,可发现在绿视率较高的场景中,和植物景观、硬质景观相比,被试者更关注场景中的行人及视觉主导元素,即使行人或视觉主导元素在场景中显示很小,被试者也很快能发现并注视较长时间;同时,道路尽头、视觉中心线交汇点等也是关注较多的区域。(四)人口因素对景观评价的影响方面,性别对美景度、空间舒适度、休闲功能满意度影响显著,男性对这3个指标的打分高出女性0.2-0.3分,说明男性对城市休闲空间的景观评价略高于女性。本研究中,年龄和学历与景观评价无显著相关性。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, urban leisure space, as the support and carrier of recreational activities, is becoming more and more important in daily life. The index of green visual rate provides a new way for the quantitative study of spatial green visibility. At the same time, the study of eye movement started earlier, but the research on the evaluation of visual quality of landscape was less. The purpose of this study is to understand the landscape perception characteristics of urban leisure space, explore the relationship between green vision rate, landscape elements and landscape evaluation, and provide reference for related design and management. Three types of Xujiahui Park, Xuhui River Park, healthy Green Garden and Xujiahui Park with different grades were collected in Xuhui District, Shanghai. The proportion of plant elements and non-plant elements in each photo scene was counted respectively. The landscape evaluation and eye movement data of 83 subjects were evaluated by means of single factor variance analysis, bivariate correlation and partial correlation analysis. The correlation of landscape elements in the scene was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the urban leisure space landscape evaluation was significantly related to the green visual rate, the higher the green view rate, the higher the landscape evaluation index. The results show that urban leisure space is rich in planting plants and greening, which can improve the quality of visual landscape and increase the users' good impression and landscape evaluation of urban leisure space. In terms of plant elements, the subjects generally pay more attention to trees than to other types of plants, shrub and herbaceous plants are less concerned and the two kinds of plants are close, the subjects generally have a higher attention to aquatic plants. (2) Landscape evaluation, the proportion of landscape elements is correlated with eye movement data. The landscape evaluation index was positively correlated with the proportion of trees, shrubs, aquatic plants and water surface, and negatively correlated with the proportion of hard landscape and visual dominant elements. It shows that natural landscape elements help to create leisure atmosphere, give people more aesthetic and comfortable, partial artificial landscape elements will reduce people's perception of green, and even destroy the leisure atmosphere of space. At the same time, landscape evaluation has a positive correlation with the duration of attention, the number of attention points, the duration of attention, the number of visits and the number of concerns of pedestrians. It is negatively correlated with the duration of visual dominant elements, the number of visits, and the number of attention points, and the first time of attention is positively correlated. It shows that people pay attention to trees, the more pedestrians, the less visual dominant elements, which may give a higher landscape evaluation. (3) analyzing the hot spot map, we can find that the subjects pay more attention to the pedestrian and visual dominant elements in the scene, even if the pedestrian or visual dominant element is very small in the scene, compared with the plant landscape and the hard landscape, in the scene with higher green vision rate, the subjects pay more attention to the pedestrian and visual dominant elements in the scene. The subjects were also able to detect and watch for longer periods of time. At the same time, the end of the road, the visual center of the intersection and other areas of concern. (4) in terms of the impact of population factors on landscape evaluation, gender had a significant impact on the degree of beauty, spatial comfort and satisfaction with leisure function. The scores of male on these three indexes were 0.2-0.3 points higher than those of women. It shows that the male landscape evaluation of urban leisure space is slightly higher than that of female. In this study, there was no significant correlation between age and educational background and landscape evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S731

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