金沙江河谷傣族聚落景观规划设计研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 08:54

【摘要】：我国西南片区作为一个多样统一性的地域,许多古民族在此生息繁衍,交流来往。在这里亚热带与热带气候逐渐过渡,频繁的民族迁徙和各民族的文化交往,构成了多样的生活模式和多彩的民族文化。从青藏高原奔腾南下的金沙江、澜沧江、怒江三大河流,有益于这里的民族迁徙和文化传播,两进两出云南省的金沙江滋养了沿岸河谷的傣族、苗族、傈僳族等少数民族聚落。这里崇山峻岭,交通封闭,也存留住了一部分原始、朴实的聚落。然而在现代化、城市化、工业化的冲击下这些聚落面临着蜕变或者消失。金沙江河谷傣族作为一个脱离了以西双版纳为核心的傣族文化圈,不仅要面对以上困扰,他们更需要了解“我们是谁?我们从哪里来?我们要到哪里去?”的问题。基于此背景,首先讲述金沙江河谷傣族的定义和来源,进一步了解金沙江河谷傣族所处的地理气候环境、自然资源和社会经济概况。再通过田野调查和文献查等方式分析聚落分布形式、生态环境和地域文化,深入的剖析金沙江河谷傣族聚落的空间构成和景素形态,其中景素形态包括水域景观、建筑景观、植被景观、道路景观、设施景观五大方面。最后结合三个案例,分别借鉴其“保护之道”、“艺术之道”、“文化之道”,便于下章提出金沙江河谷傣族聚落景观规划设计的模式。通过第一、二章的分析,开始对金沙江河谷傣族聚落的景观规划设计做出探讨。首先了解到该区域的聚落景观面临缺乏科学的规划指导和民族归属感弱两大病症,再确立好景观规划设计的思路和目标,需坚守的设计原则。最后提出坚持聚落形态乡土化,景素差异化,文态多元化,场地精神化这四化中展开聚落的保护与发展。在此聚落形态乡土化体现在建筑景观、道路景观和公共服务设施；景素差异化体现在农田景观、林果园景观和水域景观；文态多元化体现在“和而不同,合和而生”；场所精神化体现在聚落庭院和街巷绿化,聚落公共绿地和外缘绿化。最后结合华坪县龙井村景观规划设计这一实际案例将总结的模式加以运用验证。本文以华坪县龙井村、永仁县永兴傣族乡永兴村和拉姑村、大姚县湾碧傣族傈僳族乡湾碧村、武定县东坡傣族乡东坡村具有代表性的五个傣族村落为研究对象。同时与以西双版纳为核心的传统傣族文化圈和同样不信奉小乘佛教的“花腰傣”做对比分析,得到该区域的文化“共性”与“个性”,探索出适用于金沙江河谷傣族的景观规划设计的手法,梳理聚落文化肌理、明晰聚落民俗民风、优化聚落生态环境、增强空间民族符号、凝聚村寨民族认同感。
[Abstract]:As a region of diversity and unity, many ancient nationalities lived and exchanged with each other. Here the subtropical and tropical climate gradually transition frequent ethnic migration and cultural exchanges of various nationalities constitute a variety of life patterns and colorful national culture. Three major rivers, Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River, which are running south from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, are beneficial to the ethnic migration and cultural transmission here. The Jinsha River in and out of Yunnan Province nourishes the Dai, Miao, Lisu and other ethnic minority settlements along the river valley along the coast of Yunnan Province. Here the mountains, traffic is closed, but also a part of the original, simple settlement. However, under the impact of modernization, urbanization and industrialization, these settlements are facing transformation or disappearance. As a Dai culture circle with Xishuangbanna as the core, Dai people in Jinsha River Valley not only have to face the above troubles, but also need to know "who are we?" Where are we from? Where are we going? " The question of Based on this background, the definition and source of Dai nationality in Jinsha River Valley are introduced, and the geographical climate, natural resources and social economy of Dai nationality in Jinsha River Valley are further understood. Through field investigation and literature review, this paper analyzes the distribution form of settlements, ecological environment and regional culture, and deeply analyzes the spatial composition and landscape form of Dai settlements in the Jinsha River valley, in which landscape forms include water landscape, architectural landscape, etc. Vegetation landscape, road landscape, facility landscape five major aspects. Finally, three cases are used for reference, such as "the way of Protection", "the Road of Art" and "the Road of Culture", which is convenient for the next chapter to put forward the planning and design model of Dai settlement landscape in Jinsha River Valley. Through the analysis of the first and second chapters, the landscape planning and design of Dai settlements in Jinsha River Valley are discussed. First, it is known that the settlement landscape in this area is faced with two major diseases: the lack of scientific planning guidance and the weak sense of national belonging. Then, the design principles that need to be adhered to are established to establish the ideas and objectives of landscape planning and design. In the end, the author puts forward the protection and development of settlement in the four aspects of settlement form localization, landscape differentiation, cultural diversity and site spirit. The vernacular form of settlement is embodied in architectural landscape, road landscape and public service facilities; landscape differentiation is reflected in farmland landscape, forest orchard landscape and water landscape; The spirit of the place is embodied in the greening of the residential courtyard and streets, and the greening of the public green space and the outer edge of the settlement. Finally, combined with the landscape planning and design of Longjing Village, Huaping County, this practical case will be summed up to verify the application of the model. This paper takes five representative Dai villages in Longjing Village of Huaping County, Yongxing Dai Village and Lagu Village in Yongren County, Wan Bi Village in Bay Bi Dai nationality in Dayao County and Dongpo Village in Dongpo County of Wuding County as research objects. At the same time, it is compared with the traditional Dai cultural circle with Xishuangbanna as the core and the "Huayao Dai", which also does not believe in the Hinayana Buddhism, and obtains the "commonness" and "individuality" of the culture in this area. This paper explores the methods of landscape planning and design for Dai nationality in Jinsha River valley, combs the texture of settlement culture, clarifies the folk customs of settlement, optimizes the ecological environment of settlement, strengthens the space national symbol, and condenses the national identity of village.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU982.29

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