葛渔城自然保护区生态格局及质量评价研究
发布时间：2018-11-15 11:48
【摘要】：自然保护区的建立是保护生物多样性的重要途径和措施,在维持区域生态平衡、促进科学研究等方面发挥着重要的作用。在全球经济迅速发展的今天,保护区的数量不断增多,如何科学、合理地评估保护区生态格局和环境现状已成为制约保护区建设和发展的重要问题,可见开展自然保护区研究工作对我国自然保护区生态环境保护和管理具有重要意义。本文以葛渔城自然保护区为研究对象,结合RS和GIS技术对研究区域的生态格局和生态质量进行综合评价和分析,主要研究结果如下：2009-2013年,研究区主要生态景观类型是耕地、园地和林地,三种地类覆盖面积占总面积大小的80%以上；各地类的面积变化最大的是林地,期问面积减少了3.39%；速度变化最显著的是交通运输用地,增长速率为33.16%；土地利用类型变化速率呈增加态势,其综合动态度值为1.21%,说明整体变化速度较缓；各土地利用之问存在着不同程度的类型转移,主要转出类型是林地和园地,主要转入类型是耕地和交通运输用地,而耕地、园地和林地之间相互转化的幅度较大；从土地利用程度综合指数增加了5.99和变化率R为0.02结果可知,其土地利用程度略高且处于缓慢发展的时期。本文选取10个景观格局指数对研究区的生态景观格局进行分析。结果表明：研究期间景观破碎程度加重,斑块分布更加分散,如景观斑块数量值由1108增加到1137,蔓延度值由47.4397减少到46.5214；从景观空间复杂性看,各斑块平均斑块分维数值接近于1,说明景观斑块形状趋于简单化；景观多样性指数由2.9223减小到2.7164,最大斑块指数值15.753降低到15.3776,说明景观多样性程度下降,受到外界干扰的强度增加,景观格局稳定性下降。在此基础上,利用PSR模型从压力、状态、响应三方面综合考虑,建立葛渔城自然保护区生态环境质量评价指标体系；运用专家打分与层次分析法相结合的方式,得到各指标因子的权重值；最后利用综合评价模型获得研究区生态环境质量综合得分,其分值为0.3730,评价等级为四级,说明该保护区生态环境质量状况较差。同时,针对葛渔城自然保护区存在的主要问题,提出了生态环境恢复对策和建议,为今后更好地开展保护区的保护工作提供合理的借鉴和参考。
[Abstract]:The establishment of nature reserves is an important way and measure to protect biodiversity, which plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance and promoting scientific research. With the rapid development of the global economy, the number of protected areas is increasing. How to scientifically and reasonably assess the ecological pattern and environmental status of protected areas has become an important problem that restricts the construction and development of protected areas. Therefore, the research on nature reserves is of great significance to the ecological environment protection and management of nature reserves in China. This paper takes Geyucheng Nature Reserve as the research object, combined with RS and GIS technology to evaluate and analyze the ecological pattern and ecological quality of the study area. The main results are as follows: 2009-2013, The main ecological landscape types in the study area are cultivated land, garden land and woodland. The coverage area of three land types accounts for more than 80% of the total area. The most significant change of the area of each area is woodland, the intersectional area decreases 3.39%, the most significant change of speed is traffic and transportation land, the growth rate is 33.16%. The change rate of land use type is increasing, and its comprehensive dynamic degree is 1.21, which indicates that the overall change rate is slow; There are different types of land use transfer, mainly forest land and garden land, mainly cultivated land and transportation land, while cultivated land, garden land and forest land transform each other. According to the result that the comprehensive index of land use increased by 5.99 and the rate of change R was 0.02, the land use degree was slightly higher and was in the period of slow development. In this paper, 10 indices of landscape pattern were selected to analyze the ecological landscape pattern of the study area. The results showed that the degree of landscape fragmentation increased and the distribution of patches became more dispersed, such as the number of patches increased from 1108 to 1137, and the value of spreading decreased from 47.4397 to 46.5214; From the view of landscape spatial complexity, the fractal dimension of each patch is close to 1, which indicates that the landscape patch shape tends to be simplified. The landscape diversity index decreased from 2.9223 to 2.7164, and the maximum patch index decreased from 15.753 to 15.3776, which indicated that the degree of landscape diversity decreased, the intensity of external disturbance increased, and the stability of landscape pattern decreased. On this basis, using PSR model from three aspects of pressure, state, response comprehensive consideration, the establishment of Geyucheng Nature Reserve ecological environment quality evaluation index system; Using the combination of expert scoring and Analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each index factor is obtained. Finally, the comprehensive score of ecological environment quality in the study area was obtained by using the comprehensive evaluation model, the score was 0.3730, and the evaluation grade was four grades, which indicated that the ecological environment quality of the reserve was poor. At the same time, in view of the main problems existing in Geyucheng Nature Reserve, the countermeasures and suggestions of ecological environment restoration are put forward, which can provide reasonable reference and reference for better protection of protected areas in the future.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826
本文编号：2333229
[Abstract]:The establishment of nature reserves is an important way and measure to protect biodiversity, which plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance and promoting scientific research. With the rapid development of the global economy, the number of protected areas is increasing. How to scientifically and reasonably assess the ecological pattern and environmental status of protected areas has become an important problem that restricts the construction and development of protected areas. Therefore, the research on nature reserves is of great significance to the ecological environment protection and management of nature reserves in China. This paper takes Geyucheng Nature Reserve as the research object, combined with RS and GIS technology to evaluate and analyze the ecological pattern and ecological quality of the study area. The main results are as follows: 2009-2013, The main ecological landscape types in the study area are cultivated land, garden land and woodland. The coverage area of three land types accounts for more than 80% of the total area. The most significant change of the area of each area is woodland, the intersectional area decreases 3.39%, the most significant change of speed is traffic and transportation land, the growth rate is 33.16%. The change rate of land use type is increasing, and its comprehensive dynamic degree is 1.21, which indicates that the overall change rate is slow; There are different types of land use transfer, mainly forest land and garden land, mainly cultivated land and transportation land, while cultivated land, garden land and forest land transform each other. According to the result that the comprehensive index of land use increased by 5.99 and the rate of change R was 0.02, the land use degree was slightly higher and was in the period of slow development. In this paper, 10 indices of landscape pattern were selected to analyze the ecological landscape pattern of the study area. The results showed that the degree of landscape fragmentation increased and the distribution of patches became more dispersed, such as the number of patches increased from 1108 to 1137, and the value of spreading decreased from 47.4397 to 46.5214; From the view of landscape spatial complexity, the fractal dimension of each patch is close to 1, which indicates that the landscape patch shape tends to be simplified. The landscape diversity index decreased from 2.9223 to 2.7164, and the maximum patch index decreased from 15.753 to 15.3776, which indicated that the degree of landscape diversity decreased, the intensity of external disturbance increased, and the stability of landscape pattern decreased. On this basis, using PSR model from three aspects of pressure, state, response comprehensive consideration, the establishment of Geyucheng Nature Reserve ecological environment quality evaluation index system; Using the combination of expert scoring and Analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each index factor is obtained. Finally, the comprehensive score of ecological environment quality in the study area was obtained by using the comprehensive evaluation model, the score was 0.3730, and the evaluation grade was four grades, which indicated that the ecological environment quality of the reserve was poor. At the same time, in view of the main problems existing in Geyucheng Nature Reserve, the countermeasures and suggestions of ecological environment restoration are put forward, which can provide reasonable reference and reference for better protection of protected areas in the future.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826
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